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1 parts of the bridge
= bridgeEnglish-Russian combinatory dictionary > parts of the bridge
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2 foundation
1. n основание, закладкаlegal foundation — правовое основание, правооснование
2. n фундамент, основаниеlay foundation — заложить фундамент; положить; начало
3. n основание, обоснование, обоснованность4. n основы; принципы5. n основа, базис, база; исходный пункт6. n организация, учреждение, создание7. n фонд, пожертвованный на культурное начинание8. n учреждение или организация, существующие на пожертвованный фондheritage foundation — фонд "Хэритидж Фаундэйшн"
9. n жив. грунт10. n текст. жёсткая подкладка; бортовка11. n пчел. вощинаСинонимический ряд:1. base (noun) base; basement; basis; bed; bedrock; bottom; cornerstone; foot; footing; fundamental; ground; groundwork; hardpan; infrastructure; justification; rest; root; rudiment; seat; seating; substratum; substruction; substructure; underpinning; understructure; wall; warrant2. benefaction (noun) benefaction; charity; endowment; fund3. buttress (noun) buttress; column; shaft; support4. establishment (noun) association; company; creation; establishment; founding; institute; institution; organisation; organization; settlement; society5. girdle (noun) corselet; corset; girdle6. reason (noun) basis; justification; reason; warrantАнтонимический ряд:apex; arch; crown; dome; peak; pinnacle; roof; summit; top; tower; vertex -
3 bridge foundation
legal foundation — правовое основание, правооснование
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > bridge foundation
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4 лежень основания
Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > лежень основания
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5 Bouch, Sir Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering[br]b. 22 February 1822 Thursby, Cumberland, Englandd. 1880 Moffat[br]English designer of the ill-fated Tay railway bridge.[br]The third son of a merchant sea captain, he was at first educated in the village school. At the age of 17 he was working under a Mr Larmer, a civil engineer, constructing the Lancaster and Carlisle railway. He later moved to be a resident engineer on the Stockton \& Darlington Railway, and from 1849 was Engineer and Manager of the Edinburgh \& Northern Railway. In this last position he became aware of the great inconvenience caused to traffic by the broad estuaries of the Tay and the Forth on the eastern side of Scotland. The railway later became the Edinburgh, Perth \& Dundee, and was then absorbed into the North British in 1854 when Bouch produced his first plans for a bridge across the Tay at an estimated cost of £200,000. A bill was passed for the building of the bridge in 1870. Prior to this, Bouch had built many bridges up to the Redheugh Viaduct, at Newcastle upon Tyne, which had two spans of 240 ft (73 m) and two of 260 ft (79 m). He had also set up in business on his own. He is said to have designed nearly 300 miles (480 km) of railway in the north, as well as a "floating railway" of steam ferries to carry trains across the Forth and the Tay. The Tay bridge, however, was his favourite project; he had hawked it for some twenty years before getting the go-ahead, and the foundation stone of the bridge was laid on 22 July 1871. The total length of the bridge was nearly two miles (3.2 km), while the shore-to-shore distance over the river was just over one mile (1.6 km). It consisted of eighty-five spans, thirteen of which, i.e. "the high girders", were some 245 ft (75 m) long and 100 ft (30 m) above water level to allow for shipping access to Perth, and was a structure of lattice girders on brick and masonry piers topped with ironwork. The first crossing of the bridge was made on 26 September 1877, and the official opening was on 31 May 1878. On Sunday 28 December 1879, at about 7.20 pm, in a wind of probably 90 mph (145 km/h), the thirteen "high girders" were blown into the river below, drowning the seventy-five passengers and crew aboard the 5.20 train from Burntisland. A Court of Enquiry was held and revealed design faults in that the effect of wind pressure had not been adequately taken into account, faults in manufacture in the plugging of flaws in the castings, and inadequate inspection and maintenance; all of these faults were attributed to Bouch, who had been knighted for the building of the bridge. He died at his house in Moffat four months after the enquiry.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted. Cross of St George.Further ReadingJohn Prebble, 1956, The High Girders.IMcN -
6 CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
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Dictionary of Brazilian Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1988.■ TRAVEL AND TOURIST GUIDES ON PORTUGAL■ Ballard, Sam, and Jane Ballard. Pousadas of Portugal: Unique Lodgings in State-owned Castles, Palaces, Mansions and Hotels. Boston: Harvard Common, 1986.■ Bridge, Ann, and Susan Lowndes Marques. The Selective Traveller in Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1968.■ Ellingham, Mark, et al. Portugal: The Rough Guide. London: Rough Guides, 2008 ed.■ Hogg, Anthony. Travellers' Portugal. London: Solo Mio, 1983.■ Kite, Cynthia, and Ralph Kite. Portuguese Country Inns & Pousadas. New York: Warner Books; Karen Brown's Country Inn Series, 1988.■ Lowndes, Susan, ed. Fodor's Portugal 1991. New York: Fodor's, 1990.■ Proença Raúl, and Sant'anna Dionísio, eds. Guía De Portugal. I. Generalidades. Lisboa E, Arredores. Lisbon: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1924; 1983.■ Robertson, Ian. Portugal: Blue Guide. London: Benn; New York: Norton, 2000 and later eds.■ Stoop, Anne de. Living in Portugal. Paris and New York: Flammarion, 1995. Wright, David, and Patrick Swift. Minho and North Portugal: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1968.■. Lisbon: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1971.■. Algarve: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1973.■ HISTORY OF PORTUGAL Ancient and Medieval (2000 BCE-1415 CE)■ Alarção, Jorge de. Roman Portugal. Volume I: Introduction. Warminster, U.K., 1988.■ Almeida, Fortunato de. História de Portugal. Vol. I. Coimbra, 1922. Arnaut, Salvador Dias. A Crise Nacional dos fins do século XVI. Vol. 1. Coimbra, 1960.■ Baião, Antônio, Hernani Cidade, and Manuel Múrias, eds. História de Expansão Portuguesa no Mundo, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1937-40. Caetano, Marcello. Lições de História do Direito Português. Coimbra, 1962. Cortesão, Jaime. Os Factores Democráticos no Formação de Portugal. Lisbon, 1960.■ David, Pierre. Etudes Historiques sur la Galice et le Portugal du VI au XII siécle. Paris, 1947.■ Dias, Eduardo Mayone. Portugal's Secret Jews: The End of an Era. Rumford, R.I.: Peregrinação Publications, 1999. Diffie, Bailey W. Prelude to Empire: Portugal Overseas before Henry the Navigator. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1960. Dutra, Francis A. "Portugal: To 1279." Dictionary of the Middle Ages. Vol. X: 35-48. New York: Scribners, 1987.■. "Portugal: 1279-1481." Dictionary of the Middle Ages. Vol. X: 48-56. New York: Scribners, 1987. Gama Barros, Henrique de. História de Administração Pública em Portugal nos séculos XII à XV, 11 vols. Lisbon, 1945-51. Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães. A Economia dos Descobrimentos Henriquinos. Lisbon, 1962.■ Gonzaga de Azevedo, Luís. História de Portugal, 6 vols. Lisbon, 1939-44.■ Herculano, Alexandre. História de Portugal, 8 vols., 9th ed. Lisbon, 1940.■ Kennedy, Hugh. Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Anda-lus. London: Longman, 1996.■ Lencastre e Tavora, Luía Gonzaga. O Estudo da Sigilografia Medieval Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1990.■ Livermore, H. V. The Origins of Spain and Portugal. London: Allen & Unwin, 1971.■ Lopes, David. "Os Árabes nas obras de Alexandre Herculano." Boletim da Segunda Classe. Lisbon: Academia Real das Sciéncias, III (1909-10). MacKendrick, Paul. The Iberian Stones Speak. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1969.■ Martinez, Pedro Soares. História Diplomática De Portugal [chapter I, 114315]. Lisbon, 1986.■ Mattoso, José, ed. A Nobreza Medieval Portuguesa: A Família e o Poder. Lisbon: Estampa, 1981.■. Religião e cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional, 1982.■. Identificaçao de um país ( ensaio sobre as orígens de Portugal), 2 vols. Lisbon: Estampa, 1985.■. Novos Ensaios de História Medieval Portuguesa. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1988.■. Historia de Portugal. Vol. 2: A Monarquia Feudal ( 1096-1480). Lisbon: Estampa, 1993.■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. Hansa e Portugal na Idade Média. Lisbon, 1959.■. Introduçao à História da Agricultura em Portugal. Lisbon, 1968.■. 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Costa Gomes-o Ultimo Marechal. Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 1998.■ Domingos, Emídio Da Veiga. Portugal Político. Análise das Instituiçoes. Lisbon, 1989.■ Goldey, David. "Elections and the Consolidation of Portuguese Democracy: 1974-1983." Electoral Studies 2, 3 (1983): 229-40.■ Graham, Lawrence S. "Institutionalizing Democracy: Governance in Post-1974 Portugal." In Ali Farazmand, ed., Handbook of Comparative and Development Public Administration, 81-90. New York: Dekker, 1991.■, and Douglas L. Wheeler, eds. In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■ Gunther, Richard. "Spain and Portugal." In G. A. Dorfman and P. J. Duignan, eds., Politics in Western Europe, 186-236. Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1988.■ Magone, José Maria. European Portugal: The Difficult Road to Sustainable Democracy. Basingstoke, U.K.: Macmillan, 1997.■ Maxwell, Kenneth. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. 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Portugal ( Including the Azores and Spain) in Search of New Directions: Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976.■ Pereira, J. Pacheco. "A Case of Orthodoxy: The Communist Party of Portugal." In Waller and Fenema, eds., Communist Parties in Western Europe: Adaptation or Decline? Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.■ Pilmott, Ben. "Socialism in Portugal: Was It a Revolution?" Government and Opposition 7 (Summer 1977).■. "Were the Soldiers Revolutionary? The Armed Forces Movement in Portugal, 1973-1976." Iberian Studies 7, 1 (1978): 13-21.■, and Jean Seaton. "Political Power and the Portuguese Media." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 43-57. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm and Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1977.■ Pouchin, Dominique. Portugal, quelle révolution? 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Portuguese Revolution, 1974-1976. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1976.■ Spínola, Antônio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon, 1974.■. País Sem Rumo: Contributo para a História de uma Revolução. Lisbon, 1978.■ Story, Jonathan. "Portugal's Revolution of Carnations: Patterns of Change and Continuity." International Affairs 52 (July 1976): 417-34. Sweezey, Paul. "Class Struggles in Portugal." Monthly Review 27, 4 (Sept. 1975): 1-26.■ Szulc, Tad. "Lisbon and Washington: Behind Portugal's Revolution." Foreign Policy 21 (Winter 1975-76): 3-62. Tavares de Almeida, Antônio. Balsemão: O retrato. Lisbon, 1981. "Vasco." Desenhos Políticos. Lisbon, 1974.■ Vasconcelos, Alvaro. "Portugal in Atlantic-Mediterranean Security." In Douglas T. Stuart, ed., Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance, 117-36. London: Macmillan, 1988.■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "Golpes militares e golpes literários. A literatura do golpe de 25 de Abril de 1974 em contexto histôrico." Penélope. Fazer E Desfazer A História, 19-20 (1998): 191-212.■. "Tributo ao Historiador dos Historiadores. Memorias de A.H.de Oliveira Marques (1933-2007)," Historia XXIX, 95, III series (March 2007), 18-22.■ Wiarda, Howard J. Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1976.■. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1989. Wise, Audrey. Eyewitness in Revolutionary Portugal. With a Preface by Judith Hart, MP. London: Spokesman, 1975.■ PHYSICAL FEATURES: GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, FAUNA, AND FLORA■ Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: Étude de géographie régionale. Paris, 1950.■ Embleton, Clifford. Geomorphology of Europe. London: Macmillan, 1984.■ Girão, Aristides de Amorim. Divisão regional, divisão agrícola e divisão administrativa. Coimbra, 1932.■. 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In Trabalhos de antropologia e etnologia. 28, 3-4 (1988).■ Alarcão, Jorge de, ed. "Do Paleolítico va arte visigótica." Vol. 1, História da■ Arte em Portugal. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.■. Roman Portugal, 3 vols. Warminister, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.■. Portugal Das Orígens A Romanização. Vol. I. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon: Presença, 1990. Anderson, James M., and M. S. Lea. Portugal 1001 Sights: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary and Robert Hale, 1994.■ Balmuth, Miriam S., Antonio Gilman, and Lourdes Prados-Torreira, eds. Encounters and Transformations: The Archaeology of Iberia in Transition. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 7. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.■ Beirão, C. M. M. Une civilization protohistorique du Sud au Portugal ( 1er Age du Fer). Paris: D. Boccard, 1986.■ Cardoso, João Luís, Santinho A. Cunha, and Delberto Aguiar. O Homem Pre-Histórico no Concelho de Oeiras. Oeiras, Portugal: Estudos Arquelógicos de Oeiras, 1991.■ Harrison, Richard J. The Bell Beaker Cultures of Spain and Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977.■ Mangas, Júlio, ed. Hispania epigraphica. Madrid, 1989.■ Maloney, Stephanie J. "The Villa of Toerre de Palma, Portugal: Archaeology and Preservation." Portuguese Studies Review VIII, 1 (Fall-Winter, 1999-2000): 14-28.■ Savory, H. N. Spain and Portugal: The Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. London, 1968.■ Silva, A. C. F. A cultura castreja no Noroeste de Portugal. Paços de Ferreira:■ Museu da Citânia de Sanfins, 1986. Straus, L. G. Iberia before the Iberians. Albuquerque, N.M., 1992.■ FOREIGN TRAVELERS AND RESIDENTS' ACCOUNTS■ Andersen, Hans Christian. A Visit to Portugal 1866. London: Peter Owen, 1972.■ Beckford, William. Italy, with Sketches of Spain and Portugal. Paris: Baudry's European Library, 1834.■ Boyd Alexander, ed. London: Hart-Davies, 1954.■. 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Brother Luiz de Sousa [play]. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: Elkin Mathess, 1909.■. Travels in My Homeland. John M. Parker, trans. London: Peter Owen and UNESCO, 1987. Griffin, Jonathan. Camões: Some Poems Translated from the Portuguese by Jonathan Griffin. London: Menard Press, 1976. Jorge, Lídia. The Murmuring Coast. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.■ Lisboa, Eugénio, ed. Portuguese Short Fiction. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1997.■ Lopes, Fernão. The English in Portugal 1367-87: Extracts from the Chronicles of Dom Fernando and Dom João. Derek W. Lomax and R. J. Oakley, eds. and trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.■ Macedo, Helder, ed. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry: An Anthology in English. Helder Macedo, et al., trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet New Press, 1978.■ Martins, J. P. De Oliveira. A History of Iberian Civilization. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans.; preface by Salvador de Madariaga. New York: Cooper Square, 1969.■ Mendes Pinto, Fernão. 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Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 2001.■ Barbosa, Madelena. "Women in Portugal." Women's Studies International Quarterly 4 (1981): 477-80.■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. Novas Cartas Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1972.■ ———. The Three Marias. New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.■ Brettell, Caroline B. We Have Already Cried Many Tears: The Stories of Three Portuguese Migrant Women. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1982.■ Ferreira, Virginia. "Engendering Portugal: Social Change, State Politics, and Women's Social Mobilization." In António Costa Pinto, ed., Modern Portugal, 162-88. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.■ Goodwin, Mary. "Portuguese Feminism." Portuguese Studies Newsletter 17 (Spring-Summer 1987): 12-13.■ Lamas, Maria. As Mulheres do Meu País. Lisbon, 1948.■ "Mulheres Portuguesas e Feminismo." Análise Social [special number on Portuguese Women and Feminism] 22 (1986): 92-93.■ Osório, Ana de Castro. As Mulheres Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1905.■ Sadlier, Darlene J. The Question of How: Women Writers and New Portuguese Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood; Contributions in Women's Studies, no. 109, 1989.■ Silva, Manuela. The Employment of Women in Portugal. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications, European Communities, 1984. Velho da Costa, Maria. Maina Mendes. Lisbon, 1974.■ Vicente, Ana, and Maria Reynolds de Souza. Family Planning in Portugal. Lisbon, 1984.■ Almeida, Fortunato de. História da Igreja em Portugal. 6 vols. Coimbra, 1910-24, and Oporto, 1967-72. Alonso, Joaquim Maria. The Secret of Fátima: Fact and Legend. Cambridge, Mass.: Ravengate Press, 1979. Alves, José da Felicidade, ed. Católicos e política de Humberto Delgado à Marcelo Caetano. Lisbon, 1969. Araújo, Miguel de, ed. Dicionario político; 1; Os Bispos e a revoluçao de Abril. Lisbon, 1976. Bishko, Charles Julian. Spanish and Portuguese Monastic History 600-1300. London, Variorum Reprints, 1984.■ Blanshard, Paul. Freedom and Catholic Power in Spain and Portugal. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962.■ Boxer, C. R. The Church Militant and Iberian Expansion 1440-1770. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Church and State in Portugal: Crises of Cross and Sword." Journal of Church and State XVIII (1976): 463-90. Freire, José Geraldes. Resistência Católico ao Salazarismo-Marcelismo. Oporto, 1976.■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. John C. Banner, trans. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962.■ IPOPE. Estudo sobre liberdade e religião em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973. Johnston, Francis. Fátima: The Great Sign. Chulmleigh, U.K.: Augustine Publications, 1980.■ Kondor, Fr. Louis. Fátima in Lucia's Own Words: Sister Lucia's Memoirs. Fatima: Postulation Center, 1976. Lourenço, Joaquim Maria. Situação jurídica da Igreja em Portugal. Coimbra, 1943.■ Mattoso, José. Religião e Cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1982. Miller, Samuel J. Portugal and Rome c. 1748-1830: An Aspect of Catholic Enlightenment. Rome: Universita Gregoriana Editrice, 1978. O'Malley, John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.■ Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World. Milwaukee, Wisc.: Bruce, 1957.■ Prestage, Edgar. Portugal: A Pioneer of Christianity. Lisbon, 1945.■ Richard, Robert. Etudes sur l'histoire morale et religieuse de Portugal. Paris: Centro Cultural de Gulbenkian, 1970.■ Robinson, Richard A. H. "The Religious Question and Catholic Revival in Portugal, 1900-1930." Journal of Contemporary History XII (1977): 345-62.■. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.■ Rodrigues, R. P. Francisco. História da Companhia de Jesus na Assistência de Portugal, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1931-50.■ Roth, Cecil. A History of the Marranos. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1932.■ Agriculture, Viticulture, and Fishing■ Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene. "The Portuguese in Newfoundland: Documentary Evidence Examined." Portuguese Studies Review 4, 1 (1995-96): 11-33.■ Allen, H. Warner. The Wines of Portugal. London: Michael Joseph, 1963.■ Barros, Afonso de. A reforma agrária em Portugal. Oeiras, 1979.■ Beamish, Huldine V. The Hills of Alentejo. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1958.■ Bennett, Norman R. "The Golden Age of the Port Wine System, 1781-1807." The International History Review XII (1990): 221-18.■ Black, Richard. "The Myth of Subsistence: Market Production in the Small Farm Sector of Northern Portugal." Iberian Studies 1, 8 (1989): 25-41.■ Bravo, Pedro, and Duarte de Oliveira. Viticulture Moderna. Lisbon, 1974.■. Vinhas e Vinhos De Portugal. Lisbon, 1979.■ Cabral, Manuel V. "Agrarian Structures and Recent Movements in Portugal." Journal of Peasant Studies 4, 5 (July 1978): 411-45.■ Cardoso, José Carvalho. A Agricultura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1973.■ Carvalho, Bento de. Guía Dos Vinhos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.■ Clarke, Robert. Open Boat Whaling in the Azores: The History and Present Methods of a Relic Industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954.■ Cockburn, Ernest. Port Wine and Oporto. London: Wine & Spirit, 1949. Cole, S. C. "Cod, Cod Country and Family: The Portuguese Newfoundland Fishery." Mast 3, 1 (1990): 1-29.■ Coull, James. The Fisheries of Europe. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1972.■ Croft-Cooke, Rupert. Port. London: Putnam, 1957.■. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.■ Delaforce, John. The Factory House at Oporto. London: Christie's Wine Publications, 1979 and later eds.■ Doel, Patricia A. Port O'Call: Memories of the Portuguese White Fleet in St. John's Newfoundland. St. John's, Newfoundland: ISER, 1992.■ Fletcher, Wyndham. Port: An Introduction to Its History and Delights. London: Bernet, 1978.■ Francis, A. D. The Wine Trade. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1972.■ Freitas, Eduardo, João Ferreira de Almeida, and Manuel Villaverde Cabral. Modalidades de penetração do capitalismo na agricultura: estruturas agrárias em Portugal Continental, 1950-1970. Lisbon, 1976.■ Gonçalves, Francisco Esteves. Portugal: A Wine Country. Lisbon, 1984.■ Gulbenkian Foundation. Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.■ Kurlansky, Mark. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. New York: Walker, 1997.■ Malefakis, Edward. "Two Iberian Land Reforms Compared: Spain, 1931-1936 and Portugal, 1974—1978." In Gulbenkian Foundation, Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.■ Moutinho, M. História da pesca do bacalhau. Lisbon: Imprensa Universitária, 1985.■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. lntrodução a história da agricultura em Portugal.■ Lisbon, 1968. Pato, Octávio. O Vinho. Lisbon, 1971.■ Pearson, Scott R. Portuguese Agriculture in Transition. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987.■ Postgate, Raymond. Portuguese Wine. London: Dent, 1969.■ Read, Jan. The Wines of Portugal. London: Faber & Faber, 1982.■ Robertson, George. Port. London: Faber & Faber, 1982 ed.■ Rutledge, Ian. "Land Reform and the Portuguese Revolution." Journal of Peasant Studies 5, 1 (Oct. 1977): 79-97.■ Sanceau, Elaine. The British Factory at Oporto. Oporto, 1970.■ Simon, Andre L. Port. London: Constable, 1934.■ Simões, J. Os grandes trabalhadores do Mar: Reportagens na Terra Nova e na Groenlândia. Lisbon: Gazeta dos Caminho de Ferro, 1942.■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992: Special Report. New York: Camões Center/RIIC, Columbia University, 1990.■ Stanislawski, Dan. Landscapes of Bacchus: The Vine in Portugal. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1970.■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Seat to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.■ Unwin, Tim. "Farmers' Perceptions of Agrarian Change in Northwest Portugal." Journal of Rural Studies 1, 4 (1985): 339-57.■ Valadão do Valle, E. Bacalhau: tradições históricas e económicos. Lisbon, 1991.■ Venables, Bernard. Baleia! The Whalers of Azores. London: Bodley Head, 1968.■ Villiers, Alan. The Quest of the Schooner Argus: A Voyage to the Banks and Greenland. New York: Scribners, 1951. World Bank. Portugal: Agricultural Survey. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.■ ECONOMY, INDUSTRY, AND DEVELOPMENT■ Aiyer, Srivain, and Shahid A. Chandry. Portugal and the E.E.C.: Employment and Implications. Lisbon, 1979.■ Baklanoff, Eric N. The Economic Transformation of Spain and Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1978.■. "Changing Systems: The Portuguese Revolution and the Public Enterprise Sector." ACES ( Association of Comparative Economic Studies) Bulletin 26 (Summer-Fall 1984): 63-76.■. "Portugal's Political Economy: Old and New." In K. Maxwell and M. Haltzel, eds., Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy, 37-59. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.■ Barbosa, Manuel P. Growth, Migration and the Balance of Payments in a Small, Open Economy. New York: Garland, 1984.■ Braga de Macedo, Jorge, and Simon Serfaty, eds. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1981.■ Carvalho, Camilo, et al. Sabotagem Econômica: " Dossier" Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa. Lisbon, 1975.■ Corkill, David. The Development of the Portuguese Economy: A Case of Euro-peanization. London: Routledge, 1999.■ Cravinho, João. "The Portuguese Economy: Constraints and Opportunities." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 111-65. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.■ Dornsbusch, Rudiger, Richard S. Eckhaus, and Lane Taylor. "Analysis and Projection of Macroeconomic Conditions in Portugal." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 299-330. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.■ The Economist (London). "On the Edge of Europe: A Survey of Portugal." (June 30, 1981): 3-27.■. "Coming Home: A Survey of Portugal." (May 28, 1988).■. 'The New Iberia: Not Quite Kissing Cousins" [Spain and Portugal]. (May 5, 1990): 21-24.■ Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and German Marshall Fund of the U.S., eds. II Conferência Internacional sobre e Economia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.■ Hudson, Mark. Portugal to 1993: Investing in a European Future. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit/Special Report No. 11 57/EIU Economic Prospects Series, 1989.■ International Labour Office (ILO). Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal. Geneva: ILO, 1979.■ Kavalsky, Basil, and Surendra Agarwal. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.■ Krugman, Paul, and Jorge Braga de Macedo. "The Economic Consequences of the April 25th Revolution." Economia III (1979): 455-83.■ Lewis, John R., and Alan M. Williams. "The Sines Project: Portugal's Growth Centre or White Elephant?" Town Planning Review 56, 3 (1985): 339-66.■ Makler, Harry M. "The Consequences of the Survival and Revival of the Industrial Bourgeoisie." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 251-83. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■ Marques, A. La Politique Economique Portugaise dans la Période de la Dictature ( 1926-1974). Doctoral thesis, 3rd cycle, University of Grenoble, France, 1980.■ Martins, B. Sociedades e grupos em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973.■ Mata, Eugenia, and Nuno Valério. História Econômica De Portugal: Uma Perspectiva Global. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1994. Murteira, Mário. "The Present Economic Situation: Its Origins and Prospects." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 331-42. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979. OCED. Economic Survey: Portugal: 1988. Paris: OCED, 1988 [see also this series since 1978].■ Pasquier, Albert. L'Economie du Portugal: Données et Problémes de Son Expansion. Paris: Librarie Generale de Droit, 1961. Pereira da Moura, Francisco. Para onde vai e economia portuguesa? Lisbon, 1973.■ Pintado, V. Xavier. Structure and Growth of the Portuguese Economy. Geneva: EFTA, 1964.■ Pitta e Cunha, Paulo. "Portugal and the European Economic Community." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 321-38. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■. "The Portuguese Economic System and Accession to the European Community." In E. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 281-300. Lisbon, 1985. Porto, Manuel. "Portugal: Twenty Years of Change." In Alan Williams, ed., Southern Europe Transformed, 84-112. London: Harper & Row, 1984. Quarterly Economic Review. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1974-present.■ Salgado de Matos, Luís. Investimentos Estrangeiros em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973 and later eds.■ Schmitt, Hans O. Economic Stabilisation and Growth in Portugal. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1981.■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Columbia University, 1989.■ Tillotson, John. The Portuguese Bank Note Case [ 1920s]: Legal, Economic and Financial Approaches to the Measure of Damages in Contract. Manchester, U.K.: Faculty of Law, University of Manchester, 1992.■ Tovias, Alfred. Foreign Economic Relations of the Economic Community: The Impact of Spain and Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1990.■ Valério, Nuno. A moeda em Portugal, 1913-1947. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1984.■. As Finanças Públicas Portuguesas Entre As Duas Guerras Mundiais. Lisbon: Cosmos, 1994.■ World Bank. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978 and to the present.■ PHOTOGRAPHY ON PORTUGAL■ Alves, Afonso Manuel, Antônio Sacchetti, and Moura Machado. Lisboa. Lisbon, 1991.■ Antunes, José. Lisboa do nosso olhar; A look on Lisbon. Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1991. Beaton, Cecil. Near East. London: Batsford, 1943.■. Lisboa 1942: Cecil Beaton, Lisbon 1942. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal/Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995.■ Bottineau, Yves. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1957.■ Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. 7 Olhares ( Seven Viewpoints). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1998.■ Capital, A. Lisboa: Imagens d'A Capital. Lisbon: Edit. Notícias, 1984.■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Photographias de Lisboa, 1900 ( Photographs of Lisbon, 1900). Lisbon: Quimera, 1991.■. Os melhores postais antigos de Lisboa ( The best old postcards of Lisbon). Lisbon: Químera, 1995.■ Finlayson, Graham, and Frank Tuohy. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1970.■ Glassner, Helga. Portugal. Berlin-Zurich: Atlantis-Verlag, 1942. Hopkinson, Amanda, ed. Reflections by Ten Portuguese photographers. Bark-way, U.K.: Frontline/Portugal 600, 1996.■ Lima, Luís Leiria, and Isabel Salema. Lisboa de Pedra e Bronze. Lisbon, 1990.■ Martins, Miguel Gomes. Lisboa ribeirinha ( Riverside Lisbon). Lisbon: Arquivo Municipal, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Livros Horizonte, 1994. Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa ( This Lisbon). Lisbon: Caminho, 1994. Wohl, Hellmut, and Alice Wohl. Portugal. London: Frederick Muller, 1983.■ EQUESTRIANISM■ Andrade, Manoel Carlos de, Luz da Liberal e Nobre Arte da Cavallaria. Lisbon, 1790.■ Graciosa, Filipe. Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre. Lisbon, 2004.■ Horsetalk Magazine. Published in New Zealand.■ Oliveira, Nuno. Reflections on the Equestrian Art. London, 2000.■ Russell, Eleanor, ed. The Truth in the Teaching of Nuno Oliveira. Stanhope,■ Queensland, Australia, 2003. Vilaca, Luis V., and Pedro Yglesias d'Oliveira, eds. LUSITANO. Coudelarias De Portugal. O Cavalo ancestral do Sudoeste da Europa. Lisbon: ICONOM, 2005.■ Websites of interest: www.equestrian.pt portugalweb.comHistorical dictionary of Portugal > CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
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7 Brunel, Isambard Kingdom
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering, Land transport, Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Ports and shipping, Public utilities, Railways and locomotives[br]b. 9 April 1806 Portsea, Hampshire, Englandd. 15 September 1859 18 Duke Street, St James's, London, England[br]English civil and mechanical engineer.[br]The son of Marc Isambard Brunel and Sophia Kingdom, he was educated at a private boarding-school in Hove. At the age of 14 he went to the College of Caen and then to the Lycée Henri-Quatre in Paris, after which he was apprenticed to Louis Breguet. In 1822 he returned from France and started working in his father's office, while spending much of his time at the works of Maudslay, Sons \& Field.From 1825 to 1828 he worked under his father on the construction of the latter's Thames Tunnel, occupying the position of Engineer-in-Charge, exhibiting great courage and presence of mind in the emergencies which occurred not infrequently. These culminated in January 1828 in the flooding of the tunnel and work was suspended for seven years. For the next five years the young engineer made abortive attempts to find a suitable outlet for his talents, but to little avail. Eventually, in 1831, his design for a suspension bridge over the River Avon at Clifton Gorge was accepted and he was appointed Engineer. (The bridge was eventually finished five years after Brunel's death, as a memorial to him, the delay being due to inadequate financing.) He next planned and supervised improvements to the Bristol docks. In March 1833 he was appointed Engineer of the Bristol Railway, later called the Great Western Railway. He immediately started to survey the route between London and Bristol that was completed by late August that year. On 5 July 1836 he married Mary Horsley and settled into 18 Duke Street, Westminster, London, where he also had his office. Work on the Bristol Railway started in 1836. The foundation stone of the Clifton Suspension Bridge was laid the same year. Whereas George Stephenson had based his standard railway gauge as 4 ft 8½ in (1.44 m), that or a similar gauge being usual for colliery wagonways in the Newcastle area, Brunel adopted the broader gauge of 7 ft (2.13 m). The first stretch of the line, from Paddington to Maidenhead, was opened to traffic on 4 June 1838, and the whole line from London to Bristol was opened in June 1841. The continuation of the line through to Exeter was completed and opened on 1 May 1844. The normal time for the 194-mile (312 km) run from Paddington to Exeter was 5 hours, at an average speed of 38.8 mph (62.4 km/h) including stops. The Great Western line included the Box Tunnel, the longest tunnel to that date at nearly two miles (3.2 km).Brunel was the engineer of most of the railways in the West Country, in South Wales and much of Southern Ireland. As railway networks developed, the frequent break of gauge became more of a problem and on 9 July 1845 a Royal Commission was appointed to look into it. In spite of comparative tests, run between Paddington-Didcot and Darlington-York, which showed in favour of Brunel's arrangement, the enquiry ruled in favour of the narrow gauge, 274 miles (441 km) of the former having been built against 1,901 miles (3,059 km) of the latter to that date. The Gauge Act of 1846 forbade the building of any further railways in Britain to any gauge other than 4 ft 8 1/2 in (1.44 m).The existence of long and severe gradients on the South Devon Railway led to Brunel's adoption of the atmospheric railway developed by Samuel Clegg and later by the Samuda brothers. In this a pipe of 9 in. (23 cm) or more in diameter was laid between the rails, along the top of which ran a continuous hinged flap of leather backed with iron. At intervals of about 3 miles (4.8 km) were pumping stations to exhaust the pipe. Much trouble was experienced with the flap valve and its lubrication—freezing of the leather in winter, the lubricant being sucked into the pipe or eaten by rats at other times—and the experiment was abandoned at considerable cost.Brunel is to be remembered for his two great West Country tubular bridges, the Chepstow and the Tamar Bridge at Saltash, with the latter opened in May 1859, having two main spans of 465 ft (142 m) and a central pier extending 80 ft (24 m) below high water mark and allowing 100 ft (30 m) of headroom above the same. His timber viaducts throughout Devon and Cornwall became a feature of the landscape. The line was extended ultimately to Penzance.As early as 1835 Brunel had the idea of extending the line westwards across the Atlantic from Bristol to New York by means of a steamship. In 1836 building commenced and the hull left Bristol in July 1837 for fitting out at Wapping. On 31 March 1838 the ship left again for Bristol but the boiler lagging caught fire and Brunel was injured in the subsequent confusion. On 8 April the ship set sail for New York (under steam), its rival, the 703-ton Sirius, having left four days earlier. The 1,340-ton Great Western arrived only a few hours after the Sirius. The hull was of wood, and was copper-sheathed. In 1838 Brunel planned a larger ship, some 3,000 tons, the Great Britain, which was to have an iron hull.The Great Britain was screwdriven and was launched on 19 July 1843,289 ft (88 m) long by 51 ft (15.5 m) at its widest. The ship's first voyage, from Liverpool to New York, began on 26 August 1845. In 1846 it ran aground in Dundrum Bay, County Down, and was later sold for use on the Australian run, on which it sailed no fewer than thirty-two times in twenty-three years, also serving as a troop-ship in the Crimean War. During this war, Brunel designed a 1,000-bed hospital which was shipped out to Renkioi ready for assembly and complete with shower-baths and vapour-baths with printed instructions on how to use them, beds and bedding and water closets with a supply of toilet paper! Brunel's last, largest and most extravagantly conceived ship was the Great Leviathan, eventually named The Great Eastern, which had a double-skinned iron hull, together with both paddles and screw propeller. Brunel designed the ship to carry sufficient coal for the round trip to Australia without refuelling, thus saving the need for and the cost of bunkering, as there were then few bunkering ports throughout the world. The ship's construction was started by John Scott Russell in his yard at Millwall on the Thames, but the building was completed by Brunel due to Russell's bankruptcy in 1856. The hull of the huge vessel was laid down so as to be launched sideways into the river and then to be floated on the tide. Brunel's plan for hydraulic launching gear had been turned down by the directors on the grounds of cost, an economy that proved false in the event. The sideways launch with over 4,000 tons of hydraulic power together with steam winches and floating tugs on the river took over two months, from 3 November 1857 until 13 January 1858. The ship was 680 ft (207 m) long, 83 ft (25 m) beam and 58 ft (18 m) deep; the screw was 24 ft (7.3 m) in diameter and paddles 60 ft (18.3 m) in diameter. Its displacement was 32,000 tons (32,500 tonnes).The strain of overwork and the huge responsibilities that lay on Brunel began to tell. He was diagnosed as suffering from Bright's disease, or nephritis, and spent the winter travelling in the Mediterranean and Egypt, returning to England in May 1859. On 5 September he suffered a stroke which left him partially paralysed, and he died ten days later at his Duke Street home.[br]Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt, 1957, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, London: Longmans Green. J.Dugan, 1953, The Great Iron Ship, Hamish Hamilton.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Brunel, Isambard Kingdom
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8 secure
sɪˈkjuə
1. прил.
1) а) уст. уверенный, самонадеянный б) уверенный (of - в чем-л.) Syn: confident
2) а) тихий, спокойный б) обыкн. предик. сохранный, в надежном месте
3) а) безопасный, надежный secure from/against attack ≈ защищенный от нападения б) прочный, верный;
заслуживающий доверия secure investment secure foundation Syn: trustworthy, dependable в) фин. застрахованный
4) гарантированный, точный, безоговорочный a secure victory ≈ безоговорочная победа Syn: assured, certain
1.
2. гл.
1) а) охранять;
защищать;
оберегать( от чего-л.) to secure one's life ≈ защищать чью-л. жизнь Syn: guard
2., protect б) воен. обеспечивать безопасность;
укреплять (город и т. п.)
2) а) гарантировать, обеспечивать б) фин. страховать в) в пасс. форме быть уверенным( в чем-л.) He was secured in the existence of soul. ≈ Он был уверен в том, что душа существует.
3) а) закреплять, прикреплять;
запирать;
заграждать б) мед. перевязывать, перетягивать, стягивать to secure a vein хир. ≈ перевязывать вену Syn: tie
4) редк. заключать в тюрьму, брать под стражу, лишать свободы Syn: imprison
5) а) завладевать, овладевать to secure the sympathy of smb. ≈ снискать чью-л. благосклонность, чьи-л. симпатии б) добиваться;
достигать( цели) ;
получать спокойный, не знающий тревог;
безмятежный - a peaceful and * old age тихая и безмятежная старость - to feel * about /as to/ the future не тревожиться о будущем - I have my mind * у меня спокойно на душе уверенный, убежденный( в чем-л.) - * of success уверенный в успехе - to be * of smb.'s affection быть уверенным в чьих-л. чувствах твердый, несомненный;
непоколебимый;
стойкий - * belief in smth. непоколебимая вера во что-л. - * hope of salvation твердая надежда на спасение - our victory is * наша победа несомненна (обыкн. from) безопасный, надежно защищенный - * investments надежное помещение капитала - * retreat надежное убежище - a port * from every wind порт, укрытый от всех ветров - to make a country * обеспечить безопасность страны - * from /against/ all enemies надежно защищенный от всех врагов - to be * from danger быть вне опасности - now we can feel * теперь мы можем чувствовать себя в безопасности - here we are * from interruption здесь нам никто не помешает (военное) обеспеченный - * from invasion обеспеченный против вторжения надежный, прочный - * lock надежный замок - * foothold прочная /надежная/ опора - is this ladder *? эта лестница прочная /не сломается/? - the building was *, even in an earthquake дом уцелел даже во время землетрясения надежно укрепленный, скрепленный и т. п. - to make a plank * укрепить /закрепить/ доску - to make the boat * отшвартовать лодку - to make sure that the carriage door is * удостовериться, что дверь вагона заперта находящийся под надежной охраной или в сохранном месте - we have got him * он не может сбежать - are you sure it is *? вы уверены, что это находится в надежном /безопасном/ месте? свободный от сомнений;
уверенно ожидающий - to be * of a welcome не сомневаться в радушном приеме обеспечивать безопасность, надежно защищать, охранять - to * a town against assault надежно защищать город от нападения (военное) обеспечивать, прикрывать - to * a gap ликвидировать прорыв( спортивное) страховать защищать, обносить стеной, укреплять - a city *d by fortifications укрепленный город - to * a town укреплять город, обносить город стеной укреплять - his last novel *d his reputation его последний роман упрочил его славу гарантировать (что-л.) - to * the liberty of smb. гарантировать кому-л. свободу - to * a retreat обеспечить (себе) отступление - to * a place сохранять за собой место - how can I * myself against consequences? как мне уберечься /оградить себя/ от последствий? - to * smb. from /against/ smth. гарантировать кому-л. безопасность от чего-л. закреплять, скреплять;
прикреплять - to * a buckle застегнуть пряжку - to * a boat (морское) убирать и крепить шлюпку - to * the anchor for sea убирать якорь по-походному - to * all movable objects закрепить все, что может двигаться( во время качки) запирать, замыкать( дверь, окно) - to * watertight doors( морское) задраивать водонепроницаемые двери запирать и опечатывать (помещение) ;
перекрывать проход и т. п. получать, приобретать, доставать - to * an order получать заказ - to * a crop собирать урожай - to * a seat at the theatre достать /раздобыть/ билет в театр - to * a good bargain заключить удачную сделку - to * smth. for smb. доставать что-л. для кого-л. - to * an actor for a part найти актера на какую-л. роль добиваться (чего-л.), достигать (какой-л. цели) - to * a treaty добиться заключения договора - to * one's ends добиться своей цели - to * a high government position добиться назначения на высокий пост в правительство( военное) захватывать - to * the line захватить рубеж (юридическое) обеспечивать долг - to * a debt by mortgage брать в долг под закладную предоставлять обеспечение( за кого-л.) - to * a creditor предоставить обеспечение кредитору обеспечивать чье-л. право наследования - to * one's son закрепить за сыном право наследования своего имущества брать под стражу, держать под стражей;
заключать в тюрьму - the prisoner was at once *d арестованного сейчас же взяли под стражу связывать( кого-л.) - to * a prisoner связать арестованного, одеть на арестованного наручники( редкое) держать, хранить в надежном месте (ценности и т. п.) > to * a vein (медицина) перевязать вену > to * a hold не менять захвата (борьба) the boards of the bridge do not look ~ доски моста не производят впечатления надежных ~ спокойный;
to feel secure about (или as to) the future не беспокоиться о будущем;
to live a secure life жить, ни о чем не заботясь ~ a (обыкн. predic) сохранный, в надежном месте;
I have got him secure он не убежит ~ спокойный;
to feel secure about (или as to) the future не беспокоиться о будущем;
to live a secure life жить, ни о чем не заботясь loan secured on landed property заем, обеспеченный недвижимостью secure безопасный, надежный;
secure hidingplace надежное укрытие;
secure from (или against) attack защищенный от нападения ~ брать под стражу ~ гарантированный, застрахованный ~ гарантированный ~ гарантировать ~ добиваться;
достигать (цели) ;
to secure one's object достичь цели;
to secure a victory одержать победу ~ доставать, получать;
to secure tickets for a play получить( или достать) билеты на спектакль ~ закреплять, прикреплять;
запирать;
заграждать;
to secure a vein хир. перевязывать вену;
to secure a mast укрепить мачту ~ застрахованный ~ надежно защищать ~ обеспеченный ~ обеспечивать ~ обеспечивать безопасность;
укреплять (город и т. п.) ~ обеспечивать безопасность ~ обеспечивать долг ~ овладевать, завладевать ~ охранять;
гарантировать, обеспечивать, страховать;
to secure oneself against all risks застраховать себя от всяких случайностей ~ предоставлять обеспечение, обеспечивать, гарантировать ~ предоставлять обеспечение ~ прочный, надежный;
верный;
secure investment верное помещение капитала ~ a (обыкн. predic) сохранный, в надежном месте;
I have got him secure он не убежит ~ спокойный;
to feel secure about (или as to) the future не беспокоиться о будущем;
to live a secure life жить, ни о чем не заботясь ~ уверенный (of - в чем-л.) ;
secure of success уверенный в успехе ~ закреплять, прикреплять;
запирать;
заграждать;
to secure a vein хир. перевязывать вену;
to secure a mast укрепить мачту ~ закреплять, прикреплять;
запирать;
заграждать;
to secure a vein хир. перевязывать вену;
to secure a mast укрепить мачту ~ добиваться;
достигать (цели) ;
to secure one's object достичь цели;
to secure a victory одержать победу ~ foundation незыблемая основа;
secure stronghold неприступная твердыня secure безопасный, надежный;
secure hidingplace надежное укрытие;
secure from (или against) attack защищенный от нападения secure безопасный, надежный;
secure hidingplace надежное укрытие;
secure from (или against) attack защищенный от нападения ~ прочный, надежный;
верный;
secure investment верное помещение капитала ~ уверенный (of - в чем-л.) ;
secure of success уверенный в успехе ~ добиваться;
достигать (цели) ;
to secure one's object достичь цели;
to secure a victory одержать победу ~ охранять;
гарантировать, обеспечивать, страховать;
to secure oneself against all risks застраховать себя от всяких случайностей ~ foundation незыблемая основа;
secure stronghold неприступная твердыня ~ доставать, получать;
to secure tickets for a play получить (или достать) билеты на спектакль -
9 secure
[sɪˈkjuə]the boards of the bridge do not look secure доски моста не производят впечатления надежных secure спокойный; to feel secure about (или as to) the future не беспокоиться о будущем; to live a secure life жить, ни о чем не заботясь secure a (обыкн. predic) сохранный, в надежном месте; I have got him secure он не убежит secure спокойный; to feel secure about (или as to) the future не беспокоиться о будущем; to live a secure life жить, ни о чем не заботясь loan secured on landed property заем, обеспеченный недвижимостью secure безопасный, надежный; secure hidingplace надежное укрытие; secure from (или against) attack защищенный от нападения secure брать под стражу secure гарантированный, застрахованный secure гарантированный secure гарантировать secure добиваться; достигать (цели); to secure one's object достичь цели; to secure a victory одержать победу secure доставать, получать; to secure tickets for a play получить (или достать) билеты на спектакль secure закреплять, прикреплять; запирать; заграждать; to secure a vein хир. перевязывать вену; to secure a mast укрепить мачту secure застрахованный secure надежно защищать secure обеспеченный secure обеспечивать secure обеспечивать безопасность; укреплять (город и т. п.) secure обеспечивать безопасность secure обеспечивать долг secure овладевать, завладевать secure охранять; гарантировать, обеспечивать, страховать; to secure oneself against all risks застраховать себя от всяких случайностей secure предоставлять обеспечение, обеспечивать, гарантировать secure предоставлять обеспечение secure прочный, надежный; верный; secure investment верное помещение капитала secure a (обыкн. predic) сохранный, в надежном месте; I have got him secure он не убежит secure спокойный; to feel secure about (или as to) the future не беспокоиться о будущем; to live a secure life жить, ни о чем не заботясь secure уверенный (of - в чем-л.); secure of success уверенный в успехе secure закреплять, прикреплять; запирать; заграждать; to secure a vein хир. перевязывать вену; to secure a mast укрепить мачту secure закреплять, прикреплять; запирать; заграждать; to secure a vein хир. перевязывать вену; to secure a mast укрепить мачту secure добиваться; достигать (цели); to secure one's object достичь цели; to secure a victory одержать победу secure foundation незыблемая основа; secure stronghold неприступная твердыня secure безопасный, надежный; secure hidingplace надежное укрытие; secure from (или against) attack защищенный от нападения secure безопасный, надежный; secure hidingplace надежное укрытие; secure from (или against) attack защищенный от нападения secure прочный, надежный; верный; secure investment верное помещение капитала secure уверенный (of - в чем-л.); secure of success уверенный в успехе secure добиваться; достигать (цели); to secure one's object достичь цели; to secure a victory одержать победу secure охранять; гарантировать, обеспечивать, страховать; to secure oneself against all risks застраховать себя от всяких случайностей secure foundation незыблемая основа; secure stronghold неприступная твердыня secure доставать, получать; to secure tickets for a play получить (или достать) билеты на спектакль -
10 underneath
1. [͵ʌndəʹni:θ] nнижняя часть или сторона (чего-л.)2. [͵ʌndəʹni:θ] a1. нижний, находящийся ниже или внизуunderneath man of an acrobatic team - акробат, работающий в партере
2. скрытый, тайный3. [͵ʌndəʹni:θ] advunderneath meaning - скрытое значение, тайный смысл
1. 1) внизу; ниже2) снизуthe box is iron underneath - этот ящик снизу железный, у этого ящика железное дно
3) под (поверхностью)he wore a coat and a shirt underneath - на нём был пиджак, а под пиджаком рубаха
4) ниже, дальше ( в тексте)2. вниз4. [͵ʌndəʹni:θ] prep1. положение1) непосредственно под каким-л. предметом подthe river flowing underneath the bridge - река, протекающая под мостом
2) под поверхностью чего-л. подblood vessels just underneath the skin - кровеносные сосуды, расположенные непосредственно под кожей
2. маску, личину и т. п. подtreachery underneath the mask of friendliness - предательство под маской /под видом/ дружелюбия
underneath the light chat of his letter is the firm fabric of fact - за лёгкой болтовнёй его письма скрывались непреложные факты
underneath the department heads are the junior executives and foremen - начальникам отделов подчинены младшие служащие и десятники
4. арх. нахождение под властью кого-л. или чего-л. под -
11 находиться
be, be found, occur, be present, be situated, belong, be contained in, spend time•... находится в самом основании современной математики. -... lies at the very foundation of modern mathematics.• Данное заключение находится в противоречии с мнением Смита [1], который... - This conclusion is at variance with that of Smith [1], who...• Данный результат находится в полном (= абсолютном согласии с... - The result is in perfect agreement with..• Мост находится в стадии строительства. - The bridge i -currently under construction.• Обоснование для этих предположений находится единственно в... - The justification of these assumption-lies solely in...• Один из ответов на данный вопрос находится в концепции (= идее)... - One answer to this question Hi in the concept of...• Примеры будут найдены в стандартных описаниях (= отчетах)... - Examples will be found in standard accounts of...• Применимость этой процедуры все еще находится под вопросом. - The viability of this procedure is still in question; This procedure is still open to question.• Элемент x находится в S. - The element x lies in S.• Это находится в контрасте с соответствующим результатом для... - This contrasts with the corresponding result for...• Это находится в соответствии с теорией... - This is in accordance with the theory of...• Это также находится в согласии с наблюдением (= экспериментом). - This, too, is in accord with observation.• Это уравнение находится в полном согласии с... - This equation is in excellent agreement with... -
12 secure
1. adjective1) спокойный; to feel secure about (или as to) the future не беспокоиться о будущем; to live a secure life жить, ни о чем не заботясь2) уверенный (of - в чем-л.); secure of success уверенный в успехе3) безопасный, надежный; secure hidingplace надежное укрытие; secure from (или against) attack защищенный от нападения4) прочный, надежный; верный; secure investment верное помещение капитала; the boards of the bridge do not look secure доски моста не производят впечатления надежных; secure foundation незыблемая основа; secure stronghold неприступная твердыня5) (usu. predic.) сохранный, в надежном месте; I have got him secure он не убежит6) гарантированный, застрахованный2. verb1) охранять; гарантировать, обеспечивать, страховать; to secure oneself against all risks застраховать себя от всяких случайностей; loan secured on landed property заем, обеспеченный недвижимостью2) обеспечивать безопасность; укреплять (город и т. п.)3) закреплять, прикреплять; запирать; заграждать; to secure a vein surg. перевязывать вену; to secure a mast укрепить мачту4) брать под стражу5) доставать, получать; to secure tickets for a play получить (или достать) билеты на спектакль6) овладевать, завладевать7) добиваться; достигать (цели); to secure one's object достичь цели; to secure a victory одержать победуSyn:tie* * *1 (a) гарантированный; застрахованный; надежный; обеспеченный2 (v) гарантировать; обеспечивать; обеспечивать безопасность; обеспечить безопасность; предоставлять обеспечение; предохранить; предохранять; скрепить; скреплять* * *надежный, обеспеченный* * *[se·cure || sɪ'kjʊr /-'kjʊə] v. обеспечивать безопасность, обезопасить, надежно охранять; заграждать; укреплять; гарантировать, страховать; запирать, запереть на замок adj. спокойный, уверенный, безопасный; верный, обеспеченный, надежный, прочный; находящийся в надежном месте, сохранный; гарантированный, застрахованный* * *безопасенбезопасныйгарантироватьдостатьдостигатьдостигнутьдостичьзакрепитьзакреплятьнадеженнадежныйнадёженнадёжныйнеопасеннеопасныйобеспечиватьобеспечитьобеспечьтеовладетьохранятьполучатьпредохранятьскрепитьскреплятьтвердый* * *1. прил. 1) а) устар. уверенный б) уверенный (of - в чем-л.) 2) а) тихий б) обыкн. предик. сохранный, в надежном месте 2. гл. 1) а) охранять; защищать; оберегать (от чего-л.) б) воен. обеспечивать безопасность; укреплять (город и т. п.) 2) а) гарантировать б) финанс. страховать в) в пасс. форме быть уверенным (в чем-л.) 3) а) закреплять б) мед. перевязывать -
13 AFB
1) Авиация: antifiction bearing2) Военный термин: air fright bill, airframe bulletin3) Техника: air freight bill, assigned frequency band4) Ветеринария: American Farm Bureau Federation5) Сокращение: Air Force Base (USA), Air Force Base, Air Force Board, Air Force Bulletin, American Federation for the Blind, Anti-Friction Bearing, Axial Folding Bridge, antifriction bearing, ammonium floroborate (применяется при закалке в печах на кузнечном про-ве)6) Физиология: Acid Fast Bacillus7) Иммунология: ACID FAST BACILLI8) Космонавтика: база ВВС9) Транспорт: Aluminum Four Barrel10) Химическое оружие: Afterburner11) Макаров: atmospheric fluidized bed12) Общественная организация: American Foundation for the Blind -
14 piedra
f.1 stone (material, roca).una casa/un muro de piedra a stone house/wallponer la primera piedra to lay the foundation stone; (inaugurar) to lay the foundations (figurative)dejar a alguien de piedra to stun somebodyno dejar piedra sobre piedra to leave no stone standingquedarse de piedra to be thunderstruckpiedra pómez/preciosa pumice/precious stone2 flint.3 stone.una piedra en la vesícula a gallstone4 calculus, stone.5 crack, rock cocaine.6 crib, hidden notes used to cheat on exams, pony.7 lapis.* * *1 stone2 (granizo) hailstone3 (en el riñón) stone4 (de un encendedor) flint5 (de afilar) grindstone\no ser de piedra familiar to be human, not be made of stonepasar a alguien por la piedra tabú to lay somebodyquedarse de piedra familiar to be stunnedpiedra angular cornerstonepiedra filosofal philosopher's stonepiedra pómez pumice stonepiedra preciosa gem, precious stone* * *noun f.1) stone2) flint* * *1. SF1) (=material) stone; (=trozo) stone, rock (EEUU)¿quién se atreve a lanzar la primera piedra? — which of you shall cast the first stone?
no ser de piedra —
no soy de piedra — I'm not made of stone, I do have feelings
piedra de afilar, piedra de amolar — grindstone
tiro 1)piedra fundamental — (lit) foundation stone; (fig) basis, cornerstone
2) [de mechero] flint3) (Med) stone4) (Meteo) hailstone5)2.SMF Caribe (=pesado) bore* * *ablandar hasta las piedras — (fam) to melt a heart of stone
caer como (una) piedra — (AmL fam) to go out like a light, crash out (colloq)
darse con una piedra en el pecho — (Chi fam) to think o count oneself lucky, to be thankful
dejar a alguien de piedra — (fam) to stun
tiene el corazón duro como una piedra — he has a heart of stone
menos da una piedra — (Esp fam) it's better than nothing
no dejar piedra por mover — to leave no stone unturned
no dejar piedra sobre piedra — ejército/enemigo to raze the town (o village etc) to the ground; terremoto to leave nothing standing
no soy/no es de piedra — I'm not/he's not made of stone
quedarse de piedra — (fam) to be flabbergasted o stunned (colloq)
tirar la primera piedra — to cast the first stone
2)a) ( de mechero) flintb) ( cálculo) stonetiene piedras en el riñón/la vesícula — she has kidney stones/gallstones
c) (Meteo) large hailstone* * *= stone, rock.Ex. A manuscript is a writing made by hand (including musical scores), typescripts, and inscriptions on clay tablets, stone, etc.Ex. The Museum's scientific research draws on unique fossil, rock and mineral collections.----* algo grabado en piedra = tablet of stone.* a un tiro de piedra = just a shot away, within a stone's throw (away/from).* banco de piedra = stone bench.* bloque de piedra = stone block.* cartón piedra = papier mâché.* con corazón de piedra = stony-hearted.* corazón de piedra = stony heart, heart of stone.* de piedra = stone, flinty [flintier -comp., flintiest -sup.].* de tirar la piedra y esconder la mano = hit-and-run.* duro como una piedra = rock-hard.* Edad de Piedra, la = Stone Age, the.* en la edad de la piedra = in the dark ages.* grabado en piedra = carved in a tablet of stone.* grabar en piedra = engrave in + stone.* más duro que una piedra = as tough as nuts, as tough as nails, as tough as leather, as tough as old boots, as tough as shoe leather.* muro de piedra = stone wall, masonry wall.* piedra angular = cornerstone [corner-stone], keystone, linchpin.* piedra arenisca = sandstone.* piedra caliza = limestone.* piedra + charca + formar + ondas = stone + pond + cast + ripples.* piedra de afilar = sharpening stone.* piedra de amolar = sharpening stone.* piedra de encendedor = lighter flint.* piedra de mechero = lighter flint.* piedra de toque = touchstone.* piedra fisosofal, la = philosopher's stone, the.* piedra litográfica = press stone, litho stone, lithographic stone, limestone.* piedra litográfica de color = colour stone.* piedra pómez = pumice, pumice stone.* piedra preciosa = gem, cameo, precious stone, gemstone.* piedra renal = kidney stone.* piedra rojiza = brownstone.* piedra Roseta = Rosetta stone.* piedra semipreciosa = semi-precious stone.* piedra volcánica = lava rock.* quedarse de piedra = You could have pushed + Nombre + over with a feather.* sólido como una piedra = rock solid.* tablilla de piedra = stone tablet.* tan duro como la piedra = as hard as nails.* tan duro como una piedra = as hard as nails, as tough as nuts, as tough as nails, as tough as leather, as tough as old boots, as tough as shoe leather.* tirar piedras contra tu propio tejado = cut + the branch + you sit on, cut off + Posesivo + nose to spite + Posesivo + face.* tirarse piedras contra el propio tejado = shoot + Reflexivo + in the foot.* * *ablandar hasta las piedras — (fam) to melt a heart of stone
caer como (una) piedra — (AmL fam) to go out like a light, crash out (colloq)
darse con una piedra en el pecho — (Chi fam) to think o count oneself lucky, to be thankful
dejar a alguien de piedra — (fam) to stun
tiene el corazón duro como una piedra — he has a heart of stone
menos da una piedra — (Esp fam) it's better than nothing
no dejar piedra por mover — to leave no stone unturned
no dejar piedra sobre piedra — ejército/enemigo to raze the town (o village etc) to the ground; terremoto to leave nothing standing
no soy/no es de piedra — I'm not/he's not made of stone
quedarse de piedra — (fam) to be flabbergasted o stunned (colloq)
tirar la primera piedra — to cast the first stone
2)a) ( de mechero) flintb) ( cálculo) stonetiene piedras en el riñón/la vesícula — she has kidney stones/gallstones
c) (Meteo) large hailstone* * *= stone, rock.Ex: A manuscript is a writing made by hand (including musical scores), typescripts, and inscriptions on clay tablets, stone, etc.
Ex: The Museum's scientific research draws on unique fossil, rock and mineral collections.* algo grabado en piedra = tablet of stone.* a un tiro de piedra = just a shot away, within a stone's throw (away/from).* banco de piedra = stone bench.* bloque de piedra = stone block.* cartón piedra = papier mâché.* con corazón de piedra = stony-hearted.* corazón de piedra = stony heart, heart of stone.* de piedra = stone, flinty [flintier -comp., flintiest -sup.].* de tirar la piedra y esconder la mano = hit-and-run.* duro como una piedra = rock-hard.* Edad de Piedra, la = Stone Age, the.* en la edad de la piedra = in the dark ages.* grabado en piedra = carved in a tablet of stone.* grabar en piedra = engrave in + stone.* más duro que una piedra = as tough as nuts, as tough as nails, as tough as leather, as tough as old boots, as tough as shoe leather.* muro de piedra = stone wall, masonry wall.* piedra angular = cornerstone [corner-stone], keystone, linchpin.* piedra arenisca = sandstone.* piedra caliza = limestone.* piedra + charca + formar + ondas = stone + pond + cast + ripples.* piedra de afilar = sharpening stone.* piedra de amolar = sharpening stone.* piedra de encendedor = lighter flint.* piedra de mechero = lighter flint.* piedra de toque = touchstone.* piedra fisosofal, la = philosopher's stone, the.* piedra litográfica = press stone, litho stone, lithographic stone, limestone.* piedra litográfica de color = colour stone.* piedra pómez = pumice, pumice stone.* piedra preciosa = gem, cameo, precious stone, gemstone.* piedra renal = kidney stone.* piedra rojiza = brownstone.* piedra Roseta = Rosetta stone.* piedra semipreciosa = semi-precious stone.* piedra volcánica = lava rock.* quedarse de piedra = You could have pushed + Nombre + over with a feather.* sólido como una piedra = rock solid.* tablilla de piedra = stone tablet.* tan duro como la piedra = as hard as nails.* tan duro como una piedra = as hard as nails, as tough as nuts, as tough as nails, as tough as leather, as tough as old boots, as tough as shoe leather.* tirar piedras contra tu propio tejado = cut + the branch + you sit on, cut off + Posesivo + nose to spite + Posesivo + face.* tirarse piedras contra el propio tejado = shoot + Reflexivo + in the foot.* * *está muy piedra con ella he's really mad at o livid with her ( colloq)casas de piedra stone housestiraba piedritas or ( Esp) piedrecitas al agua he was throwing stones into the waterpantalones lavados a la piedra stonewashed jeansablandar hasta las piedras ( fam); to melt a heart of stonecerrado a piedra y lodo all shut up ( colloq), firmly lockeddejar a algn de piedra ( fam); to stun sb ( colloq), to knock sb for a loop ( AmE colloq), to knock sb for six ( BrE colloq)(duro) como una piedra rock hardeste pan está como (una) piedra this bread's rock hardtiene el corazón duro como una piedra he has a heart of stone, he's very hardheartedlo saben hasta las piedras it's common knowledge o everybody knowsmenos da una piedra ( Esp fam); it's better than nothing, it's better than a poke in the eye with a sharp stick ( colloq hum), things could be worse ( colloq)no dejar piedra por mover to leave no stone unturnedno dejar piedra sobre piedra to raze to the groundlos rebeldes arrasaron la villa, no dejando piedra sobre piedra the rebels razed the town to the groundel terremoto no dejó piedra sobre piedra nothing o not a stone was left standing after the earthquakecuando los niños nos visitan no dejan piedra sobre piedra when the children come to visit us they wreak havoc o leave a trail of destructionno soy/no es de piedra I'm/he's only human, I'm not/he's not made of stonetirar la piedra y esconder la mano to play sneaky trickstirar la primera piedra to cast the first stonetirar piedras a su propio tejado to foul one's own nestCompuestos:( Arquit) cornerstone; (fundamento, base) cornerstonesandstonegranite● piedra caliza or de callimestonewhetstonesource of gossipmillstone(en joyería) touchstone, standard; (muestra, punto de referencia) touchstonephilosopher's stonefoundation stonelodestone● piedra miliar or millarmilestone( Méx) pumice stonepumice stoneprecious stonesemiprecious stoneB1 (de un mechero) flint2 (cálculo) stonetiene piedras en el riñón/la vesícula she has kidney stones/gallstones3 ( Meteo) large hailstoneC¡qué piedra! dejé el libro en casa damn o what a drag! I've left the book at home ( colloq)* * *
piedra sustantivo femenino
1 ( material) stone;
( trozo) stone, rock (esp AmE);
me tiró una piedra he threw a stone o rock at me;
piedra caliza or de cal limestone;
piedra de molino millstone;
piedra pómez pumice stone;
piedra preciosa precious stone;
dejar a algn de piedra (fam) to stun sb;
(duro) como una piedra ‹pan/asado› rock hard;
tiene el corazón duro como una piedra he has a heart of stone
2
◊ tiene piedras en el riñón/la vesícula she has kidney stones/gallstones
piedra sustantivo femenino
1 stone
2 (de mechero) flint
♦ Locuciones: menos da una piedra, it's better than nothing
dejar o quedarse de piedra, to be stunned
' piedra' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
angular
- cantera
- cartón
- convidada
- convidado
- crucero
- dócil
- esconder
- faceta
- grava
- inscripción
- labrada
- labrado
- picar
- pómez
- sillar
- tejo
- Tiro
- adoquín
- ámbar
- ara
- astillarse
- aventar
- bloque
- calizo
- cerca
- cercado
- china
- cincelar
- corazón
- diamante
- edad
- encima
- engarzar
- grano
- incrustar
- jaspe
- labrar
- machacar
- montar
- partir
- pulir
- rebotar
- tropezar
- vena
English:
age
- carve
- cast
- chalk
- chisel
- cornerstone
- cut
- flint
- gem
- gouge out
- jewel
- limestone
- millstone
- missile
- moss
- mottled
- polish
- polished
- precious stone
- pumice (stone)
- rhinestone
- set
- slab
- spitting distance
- split
- stone
- Stone Age
- stonewashed
- tablet
- wear away
- change
- corner
- grind
- hail
- lime
- meteoric
- precious
- rock
- scrape
* * *piedra nf1. [material, roca] stone;una casa/un muro de piedra a stone house/wall;lavado a la piedra stonewashed;dejar a alguien de piedra to stun sb;estar más duro que una piedra to be rock hard;Fammenos da una piedra it's better than nothing;no dejar piedra sobre piedra to leave no stone standing;Esp muy Fampasarse por la piedra a alguien [sexualmente] to have it off with sb;poner la primera piedra [inaugurar] to lay the foundation stone;[sentar las bases] to lay the foundations;no quedar piedra sobre piedra: tras el terremoto no quedaba piedra sobre piedra there wasn't a stone left standing after the earthquake;quedarse de piedra to be stunned;tirar la piedra y esconder la mano to play the innocent;tirar la primera piedra to cast the first stone;están tirando piedras contra su propio tejado they're just harming themselvespiedra de afilar whetstone, grindstone; también Fig piedra angular cornerstone;piedra arenisca sandstone;piedra caliza limestone;piedra filosofal philosopher's stone;piedra fina precious stone;RP piedra laja slate paving stone;piedra de molino millstone;Méx piedra poma pumice stone;piedra pómez pumice stone;piedra preciosa precious stone;Hist la piedra de Roseta the Rosetta stone;piedra semipreciosa semi-precious stone;piedra de toque touchstone;Figfue la piedra de toque del equipo it was a chance to see how good the team was2. [de mechero] flint;3. [en vejiga, riñón, vesícula] stone;tiene una piedra en el riñón/en la vesícula she has a kidney stone/gallstone4. [granizo] hailstone;RP Famcayó piedra sin llover oh no, look who's here5. [de molino] millstone, grindstonetener una piedra con alguien to be hacked off with sb;sacarle la piedra a alguien to hack sb off* * *f tb MED stone;quedarse de piedra fig fam be stunned;el ejército invasor no dejó piedra sobre piedra de la ciudad fig the invading army razed the city to the ground odid not leave a stone standing in the city;tirar piedras a su propio tejado fig fam shoot o.s. in the foot fam ;tirar la piedra y esconder la mano do things on the sly;poner ocolocar la primera piedra lay the foundation stone;* * *piedra nf1) : stone2) : flint (of a lighter)3) : hailstone4)piedra de afilar : whetstone, grindstone5)piedra angular : cornerstone6)piedra arenisca : sandstone7)piedra caliza : limestone8)piedra imán : lodestone9)piedra de molino : millstonepiedra de toque : touchstone* * *piedra n stonepiedra preciosa gem / precious stone -
15 lay
1. IIlay in some manner lay well (again, etc.) хорошо и т. д. нестись2. IIIlay smth.1) lay a submarine cable (gas pipes, rails, etc.) прокладывать подводный кабель и т. д.; lay a floor настилать пол; lay a pavement мостить дорогу; lay linoleum (a carpet, a rug, etc.) класть линолеум и т. д., покрывать линолеумом и т. д.; lay asphalt покрывать асфальтом, асфальтировать; lay bricks класть./укладывать/ кирпичи; lay a bridge наводить мост; lay the table накрывать на стол; lay the cloth а) стелить скатерть; б) накрывать на стол; lay the plates (the spoons, the knives, etc.) сервировать стол (расставлять тарелки, раскладывать ложки и т. п.); lay the fire приготовить дрова, растопку и т. п., чтобы развести огонь (в калыме, печке)2) lay a snare (a trap, a net, etc.) ставить /расставлять/ силки и т. д.; lay an ambush устроить засаду; lay plans составить /разработать/ план3) lay eggs нестись, класть /откладывать/ яйца4) || lay a wager /а bet/ держать пари, биться об заклад5) lay the crops прибивать посевы;lay the rainstorm laid the oats ливень прибил /примял/ овес; sprinkle water to lay the dust побрызгай водой, чтобы прибить пыль /чтобы не поднять пыли/6) lay apprehensions (smb.'s foreboding. smb.'s fears, etc.) рассеивать чьи-л. опасения и т. д., успокаивать кого-л. и т. д.; what can we do to lay his doubts? как нам рассеять его сомнения?; lay a ghost /а spirit, a bogey/ изгонять духов3. IV1) lay smth. somewhere don't lay the book there не клади там книгу; he laid the scene of his last play abroad действие его последней пьесы происходит за границей2) lay smth. in some manner lay bricks quickly (the table artistically, etc.) быстро класть кирпича и т. д.3) lay smth. in some manner they laid their plans carefully, but failed all the same они тщательно разработали /продумали/ план, но тем не менее у них ничего не вышло4. VI1) lay smb., smth. in some state lay smb., smth. low flat/ повалить /свалять, опрокинуть/ кого-л., что-л.; he laid the tree low он повалил дерево; the blow laid him low удар свалил его /сбил его с ног/2) lay smth. in some state lay a region (a place, a country, a land, a district, etc.) waste опустошать район и т.д., lay land (a field) fallow оставлять землю (поле) под паром; lay a tract of land dry осушать участок земли3) lay smth., smb. in some state lay a way (an underground passage, etc.) open открывать путь и т. д.; оставлять путь и т. д. незащищенным; lay one's cheek (one's head, etc.) open рассечь щеку и т. д.; lay a plot open раскрыть заговор; lay one's heart (one's chest, one's secret, one's secret feelings, etc.) bare раскрывать /открывать/ [свою] душу и т. д.; lay one's plans bare раскрывать свои планы; lay oneself open to suspicion (to accusations, to criticism, to calumny, etc.) навлекать на себя подозрение и т. д., lay oneself open to attack подставлять себя под удар5. VIIlay smb. to do smth. lay smb. to sleep /to rest/ a) уложить кого-л. спать; б) похоронить кого-л.6. XI1) be laid in some manner they are laid end to end их укладывают /кладут/ концами /конец к концу/2) be laid in some place a fire was laid in the grate дрова были положены в камин; the scene [of the story (of a play, of a tale, etc.)] is laid in London (in a small town in Germany, etc.) действие [в рассказе и т. д.] происходит /события [ рассказа и т. д.] разворачиваются/ в Лондоне и т. д. || be laid at smb.'s door свалить вину на кого-л.; the failure will be laid at your door ты окажешься виноватым в провале, вину за провал свалят /возложат/ на тебя /припишут тебе/3) be laid by smth. the oats were laid by the rainstorm (by the wind. etc.) овес побило ливнем и т. д., овес полег после ливня и т. д., be laid low by sickness coll. заболеть и быть вынужденным лежать (в постели), свалиться (от болезни), I've been laid low by influenza coll. грипп свалил меня; when he was laid low by typhoid fever... coll. когда он лежал в тифе...4) be laid before smb.'s smth. all facts were laid before the committee комиссии были представлены все факты5) be laid in some state the city was laid flat (in ruins) город был полностью разрушен (лежал в руинах); the country was laid waste страна была разорена7. XVI1) lay at some time lay in summer (in the morning, etc.) нестись /класть яйца/ летом и т. д.2) lay into smb. coll. he laid into us он набросился на нас (с кулаками), он начал дубасить /колотить/ нас3) || lay to one's oars налечь на весла8. XXI11) lay smth. (up)on smth. lay smth. on a shelf (on the table, up(on) the bench, on the ground, etc.) класть /ставить/ что-л. на полку и т. д., lay one's hand on smb.'s shoulder (one's head on a pillow, etc.) класть /опускать/ руку на чье л. плечо и т. д.: no sooner did she lay her head on the pillow... не успела ее голова коснуться подушки...; lay colours on canvas накладывать /наносить/ краски на холст; lay one's cards on the table выложить карты на стол, говорить начистоту; lay smth. on smth.! smb. lay one's hopes on smth., smb. возлагать надежды на что-л., кого-л.; lay eyes on smth., smb. увидеть что-л., кого-л.; lay smb. on smth. lay smb. on his bed (the man on the ground, the poor girl on the bench, the wounded man on a stretcher, etc.) положить кого-л. на кровать и т. д., I laid myself upon the bed я улегся на кровать /разлегся на кровати/; lay smth. in smth. lay the body in the grave (the box in the hole, etc.) опустить тело в могилу и т.д., lay smth. along smth. she laid the flowerpots along the verandas (h) он it расставила горшки с цветами вдоль веранды; lay smth. at smth. lay the loot at her feet сложить добычу к ее ногам || lay [one's] hands on smth. coll. a) завладевать чем-л., присваивать что-л.; he will keep everything he can lay [his] hands on он не выпустит (из своих рук) то, что захватил; he is ready to lay hands on anything he sees он готов заграбастать все, что ни видит; б) найти; I can't lay my hands on it just now в данный момент я не могу этого найти; lay one's finger on smth. точно определить что-л. /указать на что-л./; lay попасть в точку; you always manage to lay your finger on the weak spot in my logic вам всегда удается обнаружить /раскрыть/ слабые стороны в моей аргументации / в моей логике/; lay hold on /of/ smth. захватить что-л., завладеть чем-л.; lay hold on /of/ the treasure (of the island, of their castle, etc.) захватить сокровище и т.д., завладеть сокровищем и т. д.; he laid hold of this idea он ухватился за эту мысль2) lay smth. on smb. lay blows (a stick, a whip, etc.) on smb. избивать кого-л., наносить удары кому-л.; lay one on smb. coll. дать кому-л. тумака /раза/; lay it on smb. coll. задать кому л. трепку, избить кого-л.; lay hands on smb. поднять руку на кого-л.; if you dare to lay a finger on her если ты только посмеешь пальцем ее тронуть /дотронуться до нее/; lay [violent] hands on oneself наложить на себя руки, покончить с собой3) lay smth. across smth. lay a plank across the ditch перекидывать доску через канаву; they decided to lay a bridge across this river они решили навести мост через эту реку; lay smth. with smth. lay a floor with a carpet застилать / покрывать/ пол ковром; lay the table for smth., smb. lay the table for breakfast (for dinner, for guests, for three, etc.) накрывать стол к завтраку и т. д.; lay smth. for /of/ smth. lay the foundation for /of/ smth. a) закладывать фундамент / основы/ чего-л.; this laid the foundation for his future success это положило начало его будущему успеху /послужило началом его будущего успеха/; б) приступать к чему-л.4) lay smth. before smth., smb. lay the information before the board (the facts before a committee, one's arguments before the lawyer, the plan before one's officer, one's ideas before one's friends, the scheme before them, etc.) представлять сведения комиссии и т.д.; lay the matter squarely before smb. честно /прямо/ изложить кому-л. дело /существо дела/; the lawyer laid his case before the court адвокат представил /изложил/ дело суду || lay [an] information against smb. доносить на кого-л.; he laid an information against them with the police он донес на них полиции5) lay smth. on smth. lay a tax (a duty) on wine (on cigarettes, on imported goods, etc.) облагать вино и т. д. налогом /пошлиной/; lay heavy taxes on tea and coffee обложить чай и кофе большим /высоким/ налогом; lay duty on tobacco обложить табак пошлиной; lay smth. on smb. lay this burden on him (an obligation on us all, a penalty on the man, etc.) накладывать это бремя на него и т. д.; lay a punishment on smb. наказать кого-л., наложить на кого-л. взыскание; lay smth., smb. under (on) smth. lay a conquered country (a town, the people, etc.) under contribution наложить контрибуцию на покоренную страну и т.д., lay smb. under [an] obligation наложить на кого-л. определенные обязательства; I laid myself under obligation to him я ему обязан, я у него в долгу; your conduct lays me under the necessity of punishing you твое поведение вынуждает меня прибегнуть к наказанию, ты плохо себя ведешь, и я вынужден наказать тебя; lay strict injunctions on smb. отдать кому-л. строгий приказ6) lay smth. against smb. lay a charge /an accusation/ against smb. выдвигать обвинение против кого-л.; lay an action against smb. предъявлять иск кому-л., возбуждать судебное дело против кого-л.; lay smth. on smb. lay the blame [for smth.] on smb. винить кого-л. [в чем-л.lay; they tried to lay the blame on me они пытались свалить вину на меня; lay smth. to smth. lay one's failure to smb.'s charge (one's misfortunes to smb.'s charge, the crime to smb.'s account, the blame to the account of smb., etc.) обвинять /винить/ кого-л. в своем провале и т. д. || lay the fault at smb.'s door обвинять кого-л., приписывать вину кому-л.; lay the blame at the right door обвинять того, кого следует, справедливо обвинять кого-л.7) lay smth. on smth. lay stress on this definition (stress on the event, weight on a word, emphasis on it, etc.) подчеркивать это определение и m. д.; he lays special emphasis on this fact он придает этому факту особое значение; he laid stress on the necessity for /of/ immediate action он подчеркнул необходимость действовать немедленно8) lay smth. on smb. lay bets on the runners делать ставки на бегунов; lay money on a horse ставить [деньги] на лошадь9) lay smth. in smth. lay a building in ashes сжигать здание до тла; lay a town in ruin (s) разрушать город до основания9. XXVIlay a bet that... I lay 10s. to one that he will not come ставлю десять шиллингов против одного, что он не придет; I am ready to lay a bet that you never saw a quicker horse (that they will win, that they will come, etc.) готов держать пари, что вы никогда не видели белее резвой лошади и т. д., I'll lay you a bet [that] he will never overtake us держу пари /давайте поспорим, готов биться об заклад/, что он ни за что не обгонит нас -
16 pile
I 1. noun1) (a (large) number of things lying on top of each other in a tidy or untidy heap; a (large) quantity of something lying in a heap: There was a neat pile of books in the corner of the room; There was pile of rubbish at the bottom of the garden.) bunke; dynge2) (a large quantity, especially of money: He must have piles of money to own a car like that.) bunke2. verb(to make a pile of (something); to put (something) in a pile: He piled the boxes on the table.) dynge; stable- pile-up- pile up II(a large pillar or stake driven into the ground as a foundation for a building, bridge etc: The entire city of Venice is built on piles.) pille; pælIII noun(the thick soft surface of carpets and some kinds of cloth eg velvet: The rug has a deep/thick pile.) luv* * *I 1. noun1) (a (large) number of things lying on top of each other in a tidy or untidy heap; a (large) quantity of something lying in a heap: There was a neat pile of books in the corner of the room; There was pile of rubbish at the bottom of the garden.) bunke; dynge2) (a large quantity, especially of money: He must have piles of money to own a car like that.) bunke2. verb(to make a pile of (something); to put (something) in a pile: He piled the boxes on the table.) dynge; stable- pile-up- pile up II(a large pillar or stake driven into the ground as a foundation for a building, bridge etc: The entire city of Venice is built on piles.) pille; pælIII noun(the thick soft surface of carpets and some kinds of cloth eg velvet: The rug has a deep/thick pile.) luv -
17 Telford, Thomas
[br]b. 9 August 1757 Glendinning, Dumfriesshire, Scotlandd. 2 September 1834 London, England.[br]Scottish civil engineer.[br]Telford was the son of a shepherd, who died when the boy was in his first year. Brought up by his mother, Janet Jackson, he attended the parish school at Westerkirk. He was apprenticed to a stonemason in Lochmaben and to another in Langholm. In 1780 he walked from Eskdale to Edinburgh and in 1872 rode to London on a horse that he was to deliver there. He worked for Sir William Chambers as a mason on Somerset House, then on the Eskdale house of Sir James Johnstone. In 1783–4 he worked on the new Commissioner's House and other buildings at Portsmouth dockyard.In late 1786 Telford was appointed County Surveyor for Shropshire and moved to Shrewsbury Castle, with work initially on the new infirmary and County Gaol. He designed the church of St Mary Magdalene, Bridgnorth, and also the church at Madley. Telford built his first bridge in 1790–2 at Montford; between 1790 and 1796 he built forty-five road bridges in Shropshire, including Buildwas Bridge. In September 1793 he was appointed general agent, engineer and architect to the Ellesmere Canal, which was to connect the Mersey and Dee rivers with the Severn at Shrewsbury; William Jessop was Principal Engineer. This work included the Pont Cysyllte aqueduct, a 1,000 ft (305 m) long cast-iron trough 127 ft (39 m) above ground level, which entailed an on-site ironworks and took ten years to complete; the aqueduct is still in use today. In 1800 Telford put forward a plan for a new London Bridge with a single cast-iron arch with a span of 600 ft (183 m) but this was not built.In 1801 Telford was appointed engineer to the British Fisheries Society "to report on Highland Communications" in Scotland where, over the following eighteen years, 920 miles (1,480 km) of new roads were built, 280 miles (450 km) of the old military roads were realigned and rebuilt, over 1,000 bridges were constructed and much harbour work done, all under Telford's direction. A further 180 miles (290 km) of new roads were also constructed in the Lowlands of Scotland. From 1804 to 1822 he was also engaged on the construction of the Caledonian Canal: 119 miles (191 km) in all, 58 miles (93 km) being sea loch, 38 miles (61 km) being Lochs Lochy, Oich and Ness, 23 miles (37 km) having to be cut.In 1808 he was invited by King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden to assist Count Baltzar von Platen in the survey and construction of a canal between the North Sea and the Baltic. Telford surveyed the 114 mile (183 km) route in six weeks; 53 miles (85 km) of new canal were to be cut. Soon after the plans for the canal were completed, the King of Sweden created him a Knight of the Order of Vasa, an honour that he would have liked to have declined. At one time some 60,000 soldiers and seamen were engaged on the work, Telford supplying supervisors, machinery—including an 8 hp steam dredger from the Donkin works and machinery for two small paddle boats—and ironwork for some of the locks. Under his direction an ironworks was set up at Motala, the foundation of an important Swedish industrial concern which is still flourishing today. The Gotha Canal was opened in September 1832.In 1811 Telford was asked to make recommendations for the improvement of the Shrewsbury to Holyhead section of the London-Holyhead road, and in 1815 he was asked to survey the whole route from London for a Parliamentary Committee. Construction of his new road took fifteen years, apart from the bridges at Conway and over the Menai Straits, both suspension bridges by Telford and opened in 1826. The Menai bridge had a span of 579 ft (176 m), the roadway being 153 ft (47 m) above the water level.In 1817 Telford was appointed Engineer to the Exchequer Loan Commission, a body set up to make capital loans for deserving projects in the hard times that followed after the peace of Waterloo. In 1820 he became the first President of the Engineers Institute, which gained its Royal Charter in 1828 to become the Institution of Civil Engineers. He was appointed Engineer to the St Katharine's Dock Company during its construction from 1825 to 1828, and was consulted on several early railway projects including the Liverpool and Manchester as well as a number of canal works in the Midlands including the new Harecastle tunnel, 3,000 ft (914 m) long.Telford led a largely itinerant life, living in hotels and lodgings, acquiring his own house for the first time in 1821, 24 Abingdon Street, Westminster, which was partly used as a school for young civil engineers. He died there in 1834, after suffering in his later years from the isolation of deafness. He was buried in Westminster Abbey.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRSE 1803. Knight of the Order of Vasa, Sweden 1808. FRS 1827. First President, Engineers Insitute 1820.Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt, 1979, Thomas Telford, London: Penguin.C.Hadfield, 1993, Thomas Telford's Temptation, London: M. \& M.Baldwin.IMcN -
18 New York City
[ˏnju:ˊjɔ:rksɪtɪ] г. Нью-Йорк, крупнейший город США — 7,3 млн. жителей ( без пригородов). Прозвища: «большое яблоко» [*Big Apple], «имперский город» [*Empire City], «город развлечений» [*Fun City]. Житель: ньюйоркец [New Yorker]. Ассоциации: Манхаттан, Бродвей, Статуя Свободы, Уолл-стрит, штаб-квартира ООН, Бруклин, Брайтон-Бич и др. Хотя формально Нью-Йорк состоит из пяти районов: Манхаттан [*Manhattan], Куинс [*Queens], Бруклин [*Brooklyn], Бронкс [*Bronx] и Ричмонд/Статен-Айленд [Richmond II/*Staten Island], каждый житель Нью-Йорка считает, что центром города, его «сити», является Манхаттан. Напр., жители Флашинга [Flushing] в Куинсе говорят о поездке «в город» [to the city], имея в виду Манхаттан. Некоторые жители Бруклина годами не пересекают Ист-Ривер [*East River] и считают, что они живут в относительно тихом городке вдали от сутолоки «большого города» [Big Town]. А на Статен-Айленде есть фермеры, которые ни разу в жизни не отваживались на путешествие в Манхаттан. Тем не менее, все они считают себя ньюйоркцами и очень гордятся тем районом, в котором живут. Для туристов Нью-Йорк — это Манхаттан, преимущественно центральная его часть, между 34- й и 96-й улицами. В этом относительно небольшом районе сосредоточены самые фешенебельные отели, роскошные рестораны, самые знаменитые театры, кино, музеи, лучшие магазины. Нью-Йорк — это центр большого бизнеса, крупнейший финансовый центр мирового масштаба. Наличие в нём штаб-квартиры ООН делает его и политической столицей мира. Этническая пестрота его населения общеизвестна: есть такие уголки в городе, где не услышишь английского. Нью-Йорк — центр всех средств массовой информации. Из издаваемых ныне трёх ежедневных газет по крайней мере две — «Нью-Йорк таймс» [*‘New York Times’] и «Нью-Йорк дейли ньюс» [‘New York Daily News’] имеют общенациональное распространение. Нью-Йорк — центр культурной жизни США. В творческой жизни невозможно сделать карьеру, не получив признания в Нью-Йорке. В мире театра каждый актёр, драматург, режиссёр, художник, певец, танцор, музыкант и композитор испытывают на себе притягательную силу Бродвея. Живописцы, скульпторы, писатели всех жанров, карикатуристы, куплетисты, мастера и шарлатаны, все устремляют свой взор на Нью-Йорк. Нью-Йорк — центр туризма, американцы считают своим долгом побывать в этом современном Вавилоне, поглазеть на небоскрёбы, походить по фешенебельным и не столь уж фешенебельным магазинам, попробовать экзотические блюда в многочисленных ресторанах и кафе этнических районов — этих островков разных культур [culture islands], и затем, вернувшись домой, ещё раз повторить: «Нью-Йорк интересно посмотреть, но жить там не хочется» [‘New York is a great place to visit but you wouldn’t want to live there’]. Река: Гудзон [*Hudson River]. Районы и кварталы: Манхаттан [*Manhattan], Бруклин [*Brooklyn], Куинс [*Queens], Бронкс [*Bronx], Статен-Айленд [*Staten Island] ( муниципальные районы); Нижний Манхаттан [*Downtown/Lower Manhattan], Средний Манхаттан [*Midtown Manhattan], Верхний Манхаттан [*Uptown II/Upper Manhattan], жилой район Баттери-Парк-Сити [*Battery Park City], Китайский квартал [*Chinatown], Нижний Ист-Сайд [*Lower East Side], район Сохо [*SoHo], Ист-Виллидж [*East Village], Гринвич-Виллидж [*Greenwich Village], «Маленькая Италия» [*Little Italy], район швейной промышленности [*Garment Center], район ювелиров [*Diamond Center], район студий грамзаписи [*Tin Pan Alley], Верхний Ист-Сайд [*Upper East Side], Верхний Вест-Сайд [*Upper West Side], Гарлем [*Harlem], Йорквилл [*Yorkville], Пятая авеню [*Fifth Avenue], Парк-авеню [*Park Avenue], Медисон-авеню [*Madison Avenue], Первая авеню [*First Avenue], Шестая авеню [*Sixth Avenue], Авеню Америк [*Avenue of the Americas], Седьмая авеню [*Seventh Avenue], Лексингтон-авеню [*Lexington Avenue], Коламбус-авеню [*Columbus Avenue], Амстердам-авеню [*Amsterdam Avenue], Вест-Энд-авеню [*West End Avenue], Сентрал-Парк-Вест [*Central Park West], Бродвей [*Broadway]. Улицы: Бауэри [*Bowery], Мотт-стрит [*Mott Street], Малбери-стрит [*Mulberry Street], Четырнадцатая улица [*Fourteenth Street], Бруклинский променад [*Brooklyn Promenade]. Площади: Таймс-Сквер [*Times Square], Вашингтон-Сквер [*Washington Square], Юнион-Сквер [*Union Square], Гранд-Арми-Плаза [*Grand Army Plaza], Коламбус-Сёркл [*Columbus Circle]. Памятники: Статуя Свободы [Statue of Liberty], статуя Хейла [*Nathan Hale’s statue], мавзолей Гранта [*Grant’s Tomb]. Музеи, памятные места: Музей города Нью-Йорка [*Museum of the City of New York], Федеральный зал [*Federal Hall], таверна Фраунсиса [*Fraunces Tavern], Библиотека и музей Нью-Йоркского исторического общества [*New York Historical Society], Американский музей естественной истории [*American Museum of Natural History], Музей американских индейцев [*Museum of the American Indian], Музей Ван-Кортланда [*Van Cortland Museum], коттедж Эдгара По [*Edgar Allan Poe Cottage], Зал славы [*Hall of Fame], планетарий Хайдена [*Hyden Planetarium]. Соборы, церкви: церковь Св. Троицы [Trinity Church], часовня Св. Павла [St. Paul’s Chapel], собор Св. Патрика [*St. Patrick’s Cathedral], собор Св. Иоанна [Cathedral of St. John the Divine], церковь Преображения [Church of the Transfiguration], «Маленькая церковь за углом» [*‘Little church around the corner’]. Здания, небоскрёбы: Центр международной торговли [*World Trade Center], Эмпайр-Стейт-билдинг [*Empire State Building], штаб-квартира ООН [*United Nations Headquarters], Рокфеллеровский центр [*Rockefeller Center], здание «Пан-Американ» [*Pan-American Building], здание компании «Крайслер» [*Chrysler Building], здание компании «Сиграм» [*Seagram Building], здание Фонда Форда [Ford Foundation Building], здание «Си-би-эс» [CBS Building], здание банка «Чейз-Манхаттан» [*Chase Manhattan Building], «Левер-Хаус» [Lever House], «Вулворт» [Woolworth Building], Нью-Йоркская фондовая биржа [*New York Stock Exchange], здание муниципалитета [City Hall II], зал «Медисон-Сквер-Гардн» [*Madison Square Garden], Главный почтамт [General Post Office], выставочный зал «Колизей» [Coliseum]. Худ. музеи, выставки: Музей Метрополитен [*Metropolitan Museum of Art], Музей современного искусства [*Museum of Modern Art], Музей Соломона Р. Гуггенхейма [*Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum], Музей американского искусства Уитни [*Whitney Museum of American Art], Коллекция Фрика [*Frick Collection], Клойстерс [*Cloisters], Бронксский художественный музей [Bronx Museum of Art], Бруклинский музей [Brooklyn Museum], Центр тибетского искусства Жака Марше [Jacques Marchais Center for Tibetian Art]. Культурные центры, театры: Линкольновский центр исполнительских искусств [*Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts], Карнеги-Холл [*Carnegie Hall], концертный зал «Симфони-Спейс» [Symphony Space], «Кауфман-Одиториум» [Kaufman Auditorium], «Радио-Сити мюзик-холл» [*Radio City Music Hall], Бруклинская академия музыки [*Brooklyn Academy of Music], Нью-Йоркская публичная библиотека [*New York Public Library], Театр «Сёркл-Реп» [Circle Rep], Театр «Манхаттанский театральный клуб» [Manhattan Theatre Club], Нью-Йоркский шекспировский фестиваль [NY Shakespeare Festival], Театр «Ла Мама И-Ти-Си» («Театральный экспериментальный клуб») [La Mama ETC], Театр Жана Кокто [Jean Cocteau Repertory], Театр «Смешной» [Ridiculous Theatrical Company], Театр «Карусель» [Roundabout], Зал Грейс Роджерс [Grace Rainey Rogers Auditorium] и др. Учебные заведения, научные центры: Колумбийский университет [*Columbia University], Нью-Йоркский университет [*New York University], колледж Барнарда [Barnard College], Городской колледж Городского университета [City College of City University], колледж Купер-Юнион [Cooper Union], Фордхамский университет [Fordham University], колледж Хантера [Hunter College], Еврейская теологическая семинария Америки [Jewish Theological Seminary of America], Джульярдская школа музыки ( консерватория) [*Juilliard School of Music], Музыкальный колледж Мэнса [Mannes College of Music], Новая школа социальных исследований [New School for Social Research], колледж Куинса [Queens College], Объединённая теологическая семинария [Union Theological Seminary], Университет Иешива [Yeshiva University], Школа дизайна Парсонса [Parsons School of Design], Институт Пратта [Pratt Institut]. Периодические издания: «Нью-Йорк таймс» [*‘New York Times'], «Дейли ньюс» [*‘Daily News']. Парки, зоопарки: Баттери-Парк [*Battery Park], Боулинг-Грин [*Bowling Green], Грамерси-Парк [*Gramercy Park], Центральный парк [*Central Park], парк Риверсайд [*Riverside Park], Бронксский зоопарк [*Bronx Zoo], Нью-Йоркский ботанический сад [*New York Botanical Gardens], зоопарк Статен-Айленда [Staten Island Zoo]. Спорт: ежегодный Нью-Йоркский марафон [Annual New York City Marathon]; стадионы: «Янки» [*Yankee Stadium], «Шей» [*Shea Stadium]; команды: бейсбольные «Метс» [‘Mets'] и «Янки» [*‘Yankees'], баскетбольные «Никс» [‘Knicks'] и «Нетс»/«Сети» [*‘Nets'], футбольные «Джетс»/«Реактивные» [‘Jets'] и «Гиганты» [‘Giants'], по европейскому футболу «Нью-Йорк космос» [‘New York Cosmos'], хоккейные «Айлендерс»/«Островитяне» [‘Islanders'] и «Рейнджерс» [‘Rangers']. Магазины, рынки: универмаги «Мэйси» [*Macy's], «Лорд-энд-Тэйлор» [*Lord and Taylor], «Стернс» [*Stern's], «Альтман» [*Altman, B.], «Блумингдейл» [Bloomingdale's], «Александерс» [*Alexander's], «Абрахам-энд-Страус» [*Abraham and Strauss], ювелирный магазин «Тиффани» [*Tiffany and Company]; магазины грамзаписей «Сэм Гуди» [*Sam Goody's], «Кинг Карол» [King Karol], «Диско-Мэт» [*Disco-Mat], «Тауэр рекордз» [Tower Records]; дорогие магазины одежды «Сакс — Пятая авеню» [*Sack's Fifth Ave], «Бергдорф Гудман» [Bergdorf Goodman]; дешёвый магазин «Стайвесант-Сквер» [Stuyvesant Square Thrift Shop]; обувной магазин «Кенни» [Kenny Shoes]; книжные магазины: «Брентано» [*Brentano's], «Далтон» [Dalton], «Даблдэй» [Doubleday], «Стренд» [Strand], «Риззоли» [Rizzoli], «Скрибнерс» [Scribner's], «Барнс-энд-Ноубл» [Barnes and Noble], «Книжный рынок Готам» [Gotham Book Mart]; магазин фотоаппаратуры «Корвет» [Korvette's]; магазин игрушек «Сворс» [Schwarz]. Отели: «Пьер» [*‘Pierre'], «Ридженси» [*‘Regency'], «Риц-Карлтон» [*‘Ritz-Carlton'], «Плаза» [*‘Plaza'], «Гранд-Хайат» [*‘Grand Hyatt'], «Уолдорф-Астория» [*‘Waldorf-Astoria'], «Нью-Йорк Хилтон» [*‘New York Hilton'], «Шератон-Центр» [*‘Sheraton Centre'], «Холларан-Хаус» [‘Hollaran House'], «Хелмсли-Палас» [*‘Helmsley Palace Hotel'], «Карлайл» [*‘Carlyle'], «Савой-Хилтон» [*‘Savoy-Hilton'], «Парк-Шератон» [*‘Park Sheraton], «Шератон-Рассел» [*‘Sheraton-Russel'], «Шератон-Мотор-Инн» [*‘Sheraton Motor Inn'], «Шератон-Атлантик» [*‘Sheraton Atlantic Hotel'], «Шератон-Терри-Инн» [*‘Sheraton Terry Inn']. Рестораны: «Четыре времени года» [*‘Four Seasons'], «Лютеция» [*‘Lutece'], «Пальма» [*‘Palm'], «Кучерской» [*‘Coach House'], «Русская чайная» [*‘Russian Tea Room'], «Фрэнки и Джонни» [*‘Frankie and Johnny’ II], «У Линди» [*Lindy's], «Павильон» [*‘Le Pavilion'], «Мама Леоне» [*‘Mamma Leone's]. Транспорт: Ж.-д. вокзалы: «Пенсильвания-стейшн» [*Pennsylvania Station (Pensy)], «Гранд-Сентрал» [*Grand Central]; аэропорты: им. Кеннеди [*Kennedy International Airport (J.F.K.)], Ла Гуардия [*La Guardia Airport], Ньюаркский [*Newark Airport]; городские авиавокзалы: Ист-Сайд [*East Side Airlines Terminal] и Вест-Сайд [*West Side Airlines Terminal]; городской вертолётный аэропорт [*Downtown Heliport]; линии метро «Ай-ар-ти» [*Interboro Rapid Transportation System], «Индепендент» [*Independent], «Бруклин — Манхаттан» [*Brooklyn-Manhattan (BMT)]; мосты Веррацано-Нарроус [*Verrazano-Narrows], Бруклинский [*Brooklyn Bridge], Куинсборо [*Queensboro Bridge], Трайборо [*Triborough Bridge], Джорджа Вашингтона [*George Washington Bridge]; туннели: Баттери [*Battery Tunnel], Куинс-Мидтаун [*Queens Midtown Tunnel], Холланд [*Holland Tunnel], Линкольн [*Lincoln Tunnel]. Достопримечательности: о-в Эллис-Айленд [*Ellis Island], о-в Губернаторский [*Governors Island], Кастл- Клинтон [*Castle Clinton]. Фестивали, праздники: празднование китайского Нового Года [Chinese New Year Celebration and Dragon Parade]; праздничное шествие в День Св. Патрика [St. Patrick's Day Parade]; выставка картин под открытым небом в Гринвич-Виллидж [Greenwich Village Outdoor Art Show]; праздничное шествие в День Пуэрто-Рико [Puerto Rican Day Parade]; Шекспировский фестиваль [Shakespeare Festival]; Музыкальный фестиваль доктора Пеппера в Центральном парке [Dr Pepper Central Park Music Festival]; Ньюпортский джазовый фестиваль [Newport Jazz Festival]; итальянский фестиваль Св. Януария [Festival of San Gennaro]; праздничное шествие в День Колумба [Columbus Day Parade]; выставка лошадей [Horse Show]; шествие в День благодарения, организуемое фирмой «Мэйси» [Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade]; церемония включения огней на рождественской ёлке [Christmas Tree Lighting]; Большое рождественское представление [Great Christmas Show]США. Лингвострановедческий англо-русский словарь > New York City
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19 Pierre
pierre [pjεʀ]feminine noun• investir dans la pierre ( = immobilier) to invest in bricks and mortar* * *pjɛʀ1) ( matière) stone2) ( morceau) stone, rockun désert de pierres — a rocky ou stony wilderness
‘chute de pierres’ — ‘falling rocks’
poser la première pierre — to lay the foundation stone; fig to lay the foundations (de of)
être amateur de vieilles pierres — fig to be fascinated by old buildings
3) ( immobilier) property GB, real-estate US•Phrasal Verbs:••* * *pjɛʀ nfpremière pierre [édifice] — foundation stone
poser la première pierre de qch (= inaugurer) — to lay the foundations for sth
* * *pierre nf1 ( matière) stone; un pont/mur de or en pierre a stone bridge/wall; une maison en pierre de la région a house in local stone;2 ( morceau) stone, rock; un mur en pierres sèches a drystone wall; un désert de pierres a rocky ou stony wilderness; ‘attention, chute de pierres’ ‘beware of falling rocks’; poser la première pierre to lay the foundation stone; fig to lay the foundations (de of); être amateur de vieilles pierres fig to be fascinated by old buildings;3 ( immobilier) property GB, real-estate US; investir dans la pierre to invest in bricks and mortar; ⇒ blanc, faux, jardin, mousse.pierre à aiguiser whetstone; pierre angulaire lit, fig cornerstone; pierre à bâtir building stone; pierre à briquet flint; pierre à chaux limestone; pierre dure semiprecious stone; pierre à feu = pierre à briquet; pierre fine gemstone; pierre à fusil gun flint; pierre gravée engraved stone, intaglio spéc; pierre levée standing stone; pierre de lune moonstone; pierre à plâtre gypsum; pierre ponce pumice stone; pierre précieuse precious stone; pierre de Rosette Archéol Rosetta Stone; pierre de taille dressed stone; pierre tombale tombstone, gravestone; pierre de touche touchstone.jeter la pierre à qn to accuse sb; jeter la première pierre Bible to cast the first stone (à at); apporter sa pierre à qch to make one's contribution to sth; faire d'une pierre deux coups to kill two birds with one stone.[pjɛr] nom propre -
20 pierre
pierre [pjεʀ]feminine noun• investir dans la pierre ( = immobilier) to invest in bricks and mortar* * *pjɛʀ1) ( matière) stone2) ( morceau) stone, rockun désert de pierres — a rocky ou stony wilderness
‘chute de pierres’ — ‘falling rocks’
poser la première pierre — to lay the foundation stone; fig to lay the foundations (de of)
être amateur de vieilles pierres — fig to be fascinated by old buildings
3) ( immobilier) property GB, real-estate US•Phrasal Verbs:••* * *pjɛʀ nfpremière pierre [édifice] — foundation stone
poser la première pierre de qch (= inaugurer) — to lay the foundations for sth
* * *pierre nf1 ( matière) stone; un pont/mur de or en pierre a stone bridge/wall; une maison en pierre de la région a house in local stone;2 ( morceau) stone, rock; un mur en pierres sèches a drystone wall; un désert de pierres a rocky ou stony wilderness; ‘attention, chute de pierres’ ‘beware of falling rocks’; poser la première pierre to lay the foundation stone; fig to lay the foundations (de of); être amateur de vieilles pierres fig to be fascinated by old buildings;3 ( immobilier) property GB, real-estate US; investir dans la pierre to invest in bricks and mortar; ⇒ blanc, faux, jardin, mousse.pierre à aiguiser whetstone; pierre angulaire lit, fig cornerstone; pierre à bâtir building stone; pierre à briquet flint; pierre à chaux limestone; pierre dure semiprecious stone; pierre à feu = pierre à briquet; pierre fine gemstone; pierre à fusil gun flint; pierre gravée engraved stone, intaglio spéc; pierre levée standing stone; pierre de lune moonstone; pierre à plâtre gypsum; pierre ponce pumice stone; pierre précieuse precious stone; pierre de Rosette Archéol Rosetta Stone; pierre de taille dressed stone; pierre tombale tombstone, gravestone; pierre de touche touchstone.jeter la pierre à qn to accuse sb; jeter la première pierre Bible to cast the first stone (à at); apporter sa pierre à qch to make one's contribution to sth; faire d'une pierre deux coups to kill two birds with one stone.[pjɛr] nom féminin1. [matière] stone[immobilier]investir dans la pierre to invest in property ou in bricks and mortarles vieilles pierres ruined buildings, ruinspierre taillée palaeolith, paleolith2. CONSTRUCTIONpierre de taille ou d'appareil freestone3. JOAILLERIE & MINÉRALOGIEpierre brute rough ou uncut stonepierre fine ou semi-précieuse semi-precious stonepierre précieuse gem, precious stone4. GÉOLOGIEpierre calcaire ou à chaux limestonepierre meulièretype of stone common in the Paris area once used for making millstones and as a building material5. [instrument]pierre à affûter ou aiguiser whetstonepierre à feu ou fusil gun flint6. [stèle]pierre funéraire ou tombale tombstone, gravestone7. RELIGION9. [dans un fruit] (piece of) grit————————de pierre locution adverbialeêtre/rester de pierre to be/to remain icy-coolson cœur/visage restait de pierre he remained stony-hearted/stony-facedpierre à pierre, pierre par pierre locution adverbialepierre sur pierre locution adverbialeaprès le tremblement de terre, il ne restait pas pierre sur pierre not a stone was left standing after the earthquake
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